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Editorial introductions
Editor(s): Abramson, >Steven B.; Yazici, Hasan; Yazici, Yusuf; Scher, Jose U.; Attur, Mukundan
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000764
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p v-vi
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnosis
Kolopp-Sarda, Marie N.a,b; Miossec, Pierrea,c
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000757
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 1-7
Cryoglobulins (CG) are immunoglobulins that precipitate in the cold, and dissolve at 37°C. In vivo, in cold exposed tissues and organs, they can induce vasculitis and occlusive vasculopathy after deposition on vascular endothelium under low temperature and high concentration conditions. Clinical manifestations are cutaneous (purpura, ulcers, vasomotor symptoms, and livedo reticularis), rheumatological (arthralgia and arthritis), and peripheral neuropathy (paresthesia and pain in the lower limbs). In profound organs such as the kidneys, CG deposition is less temperature-dependent, favored by local protein and anion concentrations, and can lead to glomerulonephritis. This review will focus on cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and vascular lesion, and their diagnosis.
Management of primary vasculitides with biologic and novel small molecule medications
Serling-Boyd, Naomia; Wallace, Zachary S.a,b,c
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000756
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 8-14
Vasculitides can affect small, medium and/or large vessels, leading to end-organ damage, decreased quality of life and death. Glucocorticoids remain the backbone of treatment for systemic vasculitis but are associated with numerous toxicities. In recent years, the efficacy of glucocorticoid-sparing biologic and novel small molecule therapies has been demonstrated.
An update on the microbiome in vasculitis
Tariq, Shahna; Clifford, Alison H.
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000758
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 15-23
To summarize recent evidence regarding the presence and potential role of the microbiome in systemic vasculitides.
Cerebral vasculitis associated with drug abuse
Younger, David S.
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000766
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 24-33
To review understand the epidemiology, background, neuropharmacology, and histopathology of literature verified cases, and likely etiopathogenic mechanisms.
Aortitis: an update
Erdogan, Mustafa
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000762
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 34-40
Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta due to various causes. Clinical presentations vary as well as the imaging findings. Exact pathogenetic mechanisms or triggering factors, as well as the best diagnostic and monitoring modalities and treatment strategies, are yet to be elucidated. We reviewed recent studies in aortitis and associated diseases.
Intracranial vessel wall imaging
Arslan, Serdar; Korkmazer, Bora; Kizilkilic, Osman
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000759
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 41-48
To give an overview regarding the potential usefulness of vessel wall imaging (VWI) in distinguishing various intracranial vascular diseases, their common imaging features, and potential pitfalls.
Coronavirus 2019: clinical and neuropathological aspects
Younger, David S.
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000769
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 49-57
To understand the role of postinfectious autoimmune vascular inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019-related neurological illness caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and its effects on the brain in children and adults.
Rheumatology in the era of precision medicine: synovial tissue molecular patterns and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis
Lakhanpal, Amita; Smith, Melanie H.a; Donlin, Laura T.b,c
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000767
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 58-63
A critical unmet need in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the identification of biomarkers that predict which of the available medications will be most effective for an individual in order to lower disease activity sooner than is afforded by the current treat-to-target approach. Here we will discuss recent reports examining the potential for synovial tissue molecular, cellular, and spatial profiling in defining objective measures of treatment response and therein developing personalized medicine for RA.
The transition from enthesis physiological responses in health to aberrant responses that underpin spondyloarthritis mechanisms
Aydin, Sibel Zehraa; Bridgewood, Charlesb; Zabotti, Alenc; Girolimetto, Nicol?d; McGonagle, Dennisb
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000768
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 64-73
Despite immunology and translational therapeutics advances in inflammatory arthritis over the past two decades, the enthesis, which is the epicentric of the spondyloarthritis family pathological process, retains many mysteries because of tissue inaccessibility that hampers direct immune study. As entheses are subject to almost continuous mechanical stress and spondyloarthritis is linked to microdamage or injury and joint stress, it is cardinal to understand the physiological changes occurring within the entheses not only to be able to differentiate disease from health but also to understand the transition normal physiology break down and its merges into spondyloarthritis-related disease.
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: what have we learned to advance osteoarthritis?
Watt, Fiona E.
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000760
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 74-83
Current thinking in the study of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is overviewed: the osteoarthritis which follows acute joint injury. The review particularly highlights important publications in the last 18 months, also reflecting on key older literature, in terms of what have we have we learned and have yet to learn from PTOA, which can advance the osteoarthritis field as a whole.
Role of adipose tissues in osteoarthritis
Zapata-Linares, Nataliaa; Eymard, Florentb,c; Berenbaum, Francisa,d; Houard, Xaviera
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000763
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 84-93
Epidemiologic studies reveal that the link between obesity and osteoarthritis cannot be uniquely explained by overweight-associated mechanical overload. For this reason, much attention focuses on the endocrine activity of adipose tissues. In addition to the systemic role of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, many arguments highlight the involvement of local adipose tissues in osteoarthritis.
Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for treatment of osteoarthritis
Mehta, Shikhara,?; He, Tengfeia,?; Bajpayee, Ambika G.a,b
doi : 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000761
Current Opinion in Rheumatology: January 2021 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 94-109
Osteoarthritis is associated with severe joint pain, inflammation, and cartilage degeneration. Drugs injected directly into intra-articular joint space clear out rapidly providing only short-term benefit. Their transport into cartilage to reach cellular targets is hindered by the tissue's dense, negatively charged extracellular matrix. This has limited, despite strong preclinical data, the clinical translation of osteoarthritis drugs. Recent work has focused on developing intra-joint and intra-cartilage targeting drug delivery systems (DDS) to enable long-term therapeutic response, which is presented here.
