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In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac015
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages i–ii
Projected Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Community-based Versus Targeted Azithromycin Administration Strategies for Reducing Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Rebecca L Brander, Marcia R Weaver, Patricia B Pavlinac, Grace C John-Stewart, Stephen E Hawes, Judd L Walson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciz1220
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 375–386
Trials of mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin (AZM) report reductions in child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. AZM targeted to high-risk children may preserve benefit while minimizing antibiotic exposure. We modeled the cost-effectiveness of MDA to children 1–59 months of age, MDA to children 1–5 months of age, AZM administered at hospital discharge, and the combination of MDA and postdischarge AZM.
Racial and Ethnic Differences and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting to the Emergency Department
Zanthia Wiley, Katie Ross-Driscoll, Zhensheng Wang, Laken Smothers, Aneesh K Mehta, Rachel E Patzer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab290
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 387–394
Since the introduction of remdesivir and dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 treatment, few large multi-hospital-system US studies have described clinical characteristics and outcomes of minority COVID-19 patients who present to the emergency department (ED).
Molecular Epidemiology, Natural History, and Long-Term Outcomes of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Colonization and Infections Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
M Hong Nguyen, Ryan K Shields, Liang Chen, A William Pasculle, Binghua Hao, Shaoji Cheng, Jonathan Sun, Ellen G Kline, Barry N Kreiswirth, Cornelius J Clancy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab427
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 395–406,
Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E), including carbapenem-resistant and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE, CefR-E), are major pathogens following solid organ transplantation (SOT).
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infectivity by Viral Load, S Gene Variants and Demographic Factors, and the Utility of Lateral Flow Devices to Prevent Transmission
Lennard Y W Lee, Stefan Rozmanowski, Matthew Pang, Andre Charlett, Charlotte Anderson, Gareth J Hughes, Matthew Barnard, Leon Peto, Richard Vipond, Alex Sienkiewicz, Susan Hopkins, John Bell, Derrick W Crook, Nick Gent, A Sarah Walker, Tim E A Peto, David W Eyre
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab421
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 407–415
How severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity varies with viral load is incompletely understood. Whether rapid point-of-care antigen lateral flow devices (LFDs) detect most potential transmission sources despite imperfect clinical sensitivity is unknown.
Trends Over Time in the Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
George N Ioannou, Ann M O’Hare, Kristin Berry, Vincent S Fan, Kristina Crothers, McKenna C Eastment, Emily Locke, Pamela Green, Javeed A Shah, Jason A Dominitz
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab419
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 416–426
We aimed to describe trends in adverse outcomes among patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between February and September 2020 within a national healthcare system.
Risk Factors for Infection and Health Impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in People With Autoimmune Diseases
Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Christopher A Mecoli, Morgan Douglas, Samantha Harris, Berna Aravidis, Jemima Albayda, Elias S Sotirchos, Ahmet Hoke, Ana-Maria Orbai, Michelle Petri, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Alan N Baer, Julie J Paik, Brittany L Adler, Eleni Tiniakou, Homa Timlin, Pavan Bhargava, Scott D Newsome, Arun Venkatesan, Vinay Chaudhry, Thomas E Lloyd, Carlos A Pardo, Barney J Stern, Mark Lazarev, Brindusa Truta, Shiv Saidha, Edward S Chen, Michelle Sharp, Nisha Gilotra, Edward K Kasper, Allan C Gelber, Clifton O Bingham, III, Ami A Shah, Ellen M Mowry
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab407
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 427–436
People with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions taking immunomodulatory/suppressive medications may have higher risk of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chronic disease care has also changed for many patients, with uncertain downstream consequences.
Sustained Declines in Age Group-Specific Rotavirus Infection and Acute Gastroenteritis in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals During the 5 Years Since Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in England
Charlotte M Gower, Julia Stowe, Nick J Andrews, Jake Dunning, Mary E Ramsay, Shames N Ladhani
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab460
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 437–445
The introduction of an oral live-attenuated monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) into the UK infant immunization program in July 2013 was associated with large reductions in laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections and hospitalizations due to acute gastroenteritis (AGE) within 12 months. Here we report the 5-year impact of the program in England.
Novel Canine Coronavirus Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient With Pneumonia in East Malaysia
Anastasia N Vlasova, Annika Diaz, Debasu Damtie, Leshan Xiu, Teck-Hock Toh, Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee, Linda J Saif, Gregory C Gray
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab456
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 446–454
During the validation of a highly sensitive panspecies coronavirus (CoV) seminested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, we found canine CoV (CCoV) RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples from 8 of 301 patients (2.5%) hospitalized with pneumonia during 2017–2018 in Sarawak, Malaysia. Most patients were children living in rural areas with frequent exposure to domesticated animals and wildlife.
Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin Treatment Outcomes During an Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in a Retirement Community—Vermont, 2018
Radhika Gharpure, Cindy R Friedman, Veronica Fialkowski, Jennifer P Collins, Jonathan Strysko, Zachary A Marsh, Jessica C Chen, Elizabeth H Meservey, Azizat A Adediran, Morgan N Schroeder, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Kathleen E Fullerton, Louise Francois Watkins
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab450
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 455–460
In 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Vermont Department of Health investigated an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei infections in a retirement community that offered a continuum of care from independent living through skilled nursing care. The investigation identified 24 culture-confirmed cases. Isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone, and had decreased susceptibility to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin.
First Case of Lethal Encephalitis in Western Europe Due to European Bat Lyssavirus Type 1
Béatrice Regnault, Bruno Evrard, Isabelle Plu, Laurent Dacheux, Eric Troadec, Pascal Cozette, Delphine Chrétien, Mathilde Duchesne, Jean-Michel Vallat, Anne Jamet, Marianne Leruez, Philippe Pérot, Hervé Bourhy, Marc Eloit, Danielle Seilhean
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab443
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 461–466
Inaccurate diagnosis of encephalitis is a major issue as immunosuppressive treatments can be deleterious in case of viral infection. The European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1), a virus related to rabies virus, is endemic in European bats. No human case has yet been reported in Western Europe. A 59-year-old patient without specific past medical history died from encephalitis. A colony of bats lived in an outbuilding of his house. No diagnosis was made using standard procedures.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Disease Severity: Pregnant vs Nonpregnant Women at 82 Facilities
Albert L Hsu, Adrienne M Ohler, Andrea Goldstein, Sarah Truong, Cynthia Y Tang, Xiu-Feng Wan, Jane A McElroy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab441
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 467–471
Pregnancy has been reported to be a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We evaluated the impact of pregnancy on severe COVID-19 and mortality in an electronic medical record (EMR) database that enabled exclusion of labor and delivery (L&D) encounters.
The Effectiveness of the Two-Dose BNT162b2 Vaccine: Analysis of Real-World Data
Gabriel Chodick, Lilac Tene, Ran S Rotem, Tal Patalon, Sivan Gazit, Amir Ben-Tov, Clara Weil, Inbal Goldshtein, Gilad Twig, Dani Cohen, Khitam Muhsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab438
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 472–478
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were shown to be highly efficacious in preventing the disease in randomized controlled trials; nonetheless, evidence on the real-world effectiveness of this vaccine is limited. Study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality.
Increased Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Activation Phenotypes and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Jorge A Masso-Silva, Alexander Moshensky, Michael T Y Lam, Mazen F Odish, Arjun Patel, Le Xu, Emily Hansen, Samantha Trescott, Celina Nguyen, Roy Kim, Katherine Perofsky, Samantha Perera, Lauren Ma, Josephine Pham, Mark Rolfsen, Jarod Olay, John Shin, Jennifer M Dan, Robert K Abbott, Sydney Ramirez, Thomas H Alexander, Grace Y Lin, Ana Lucia Fuentes, Ira Advani, Deepti Gunge, Victor Pretorius, Atul Malhotra, Xin Sun, Jason Duran, Mark Hepokoski, Shane Crotty, Nicole G Coufal, Angela Meier, Laura E Crotty Alexander
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab437
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 479–489
Increased inflammation has been well defined in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while definitive pathways driving severe forms of this disease remain uncertain. Neutrophils are known to contribute to immunopathology in infections, inflammatory diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Changes in neutrophil function in COVID-19 may give insight into disease pathogenesis and identify therapeutic targets.
Cruise Ship Travel in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Summary of Outbreaks and a Model of Public Health Interventions
Sarah Anne J Guagliardo, Pragati V Prasad, Andrea Rodriguez, Rena Fukunaga, Ryan T Novak, Lauren Ahart, Jared Reynolds, Isabel Griffin, Ryan Wiegand, Laura A S Quilter, Stephanie Morrison, Keisha Jenkins, Hilary K Wall, Aimee Treffiletti, Stefanie B White, Joanna Regan, Kara Tardivel, Amy Freeland, Clive Brown, Hannah Wolford, Michael A Johansson, Martin S Cetron, Rachel B Slayton, Cindy R Friedman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab433
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 490–497
Cruise travel contributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission when there were relatively few cases in the United States. By 14 March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a No Sail Order suspending US cruise operations; the last US passenger ship docked on 16 April.
Intersection of Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Networks to Identify Opportunities to Enhance HIV Prevention
Ann M Dennis, Andrew Cressman, Dana Pasquale, Simon D W Frost, Elizabeth Kelly, Jalila Guy, Victoria Mobley, Erika Samoff, Christopher B Hurt, Candice Mcneil, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Monique Carry, Matthew Hogben, Arlene C Seña
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab431
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 498–506
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infection continue at disproportionate rates among minority men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. The integration of HIV genetic clustering with partner services can provide important insight into local epidemic trends to guide interventions and control efforts.
Serotype-specific Cardiac Involvement in Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Keith P Klugman, Charles Feldman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa1434
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 507–508
Tuberculosis Elimination in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Moving Target
Navisha Dookie, Nesri Padayatchi, Kogieleum Naidoo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa1400
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 509–510
In the Fog of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)
John A Zaia
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa1292
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 511–512
Retreatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: Real-World Regimens and Outcomes From National Treatment Programs in Three Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Caroline E Boeke, Lindsey Hiebert, Imam Waked, Tengiz Tsertsvadze, Lali Sharvadze, Maia Butsashvili, Mamuka Zakalashvili, Win Naing, Neil Gupta, Fredrick Kateera, Craig McClure, John W Ward, Christian B Ramers
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab461
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 513–516
Access to recommended second-line treatments is limited for patients who fail initial hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy in low- and middle-income countries. Alternative regimens and associated outcomes are not well understood. Through a pooled analysis of national program data in Egypt, Georgia, and Myanmar, we observed SVR rates >90% for alternative retreatment regimens.
BNT162b2 Messenger RNA Vaccination Did Not Prevent an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variant 501Y.V2 in an Elderly Nursing Home but Reduced Transmission and Disease Severity
Benoit Bailly, Luc Guilpain, Kevin Bouiller, Catherine Chirouze, Melissa N’Debi, Alexandre Soulier, Vanessa Demontant, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Christophe Rodriguez, Slim Fourati
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab446
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 517–520
We report an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 501Y.V2 in a nursing home. All nonvaccinated residents (5/5) versus half of those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (13/26) were infected. Two of 13 vaccinated versus 4 of 5 nonvaccinated residents presented severe disease. BNT162b2 did not prevent the outbreak, but reduced transmission and disease severity.
Significant Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care in Hospitals Affecting the First Pillar of the HIV Care Continuum
Kathryn S Hensley, Carlijn C E Jordans, Jeroen J A van Kampen, Femke P N Mollema, Elisabeth H Gisolf, Rachida El Moussaoui, Gonneke Hermanides, Jan E A van Beek, Marion E Vriesde, Renée N N Finkenflügel, Bart J A Rijnders, David A M C van de Vijver, Charles A B Boucher, Annelies Verbon, Casper Rokx #aware.hiv Project Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab445
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 521–524
During COVID-19 lockdown, the in-hospital number of HIV indicator conditions decreased disproportionally compared with other non–COVID-19 diseases, which was accompanied by reduced HIV testing rates, number and proportion of positive HIV tests, and new HIV referrals, with more late presentation after lockdown cessation, indicating a significantly impacted HIV care continuum.
Evaluating the Presence of Replication-Competent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From Nursing Home Residents With Persistently Positive Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Results
Joseph D Lutgring, Farrell A Tobolowsky, Kelly M Hatfield, Nicholas B Lehnertz, Maureen M Sullivan, Karen G Martin, Amelia Keaton, D Joseph Sexton, Azaibi Tamin, Jennifer L Harcourt, Natalie J Thornburg, Sujan C Reddy, John A Jernigan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab436
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 525–528
Replication-competent virus has not been detected in individuals with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) more than 10 days after symptom onset. It is unknown whether these findings apply to nursing home residents. Of 273 specimens collected from nursing home residents >10 days from the initial positive test, none were culture positive.
Universal Use of N95 Respirators in Healthcare Settings When Community Coronavirus Disease 2019 Rates Are High
Michael Klompas, Chanu Rhee, Meghan A Baker
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab539
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 529–531
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends N95 respirators for all providers who see patients with possible or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Reducing Influenza Virus Transmission: The Potential Value of Antiviral Treatment
Frederick G Hayden, Jason Asher, Benjamin J Cowling, Aeron C Hurt, Hideyuki Ikematsu, Klaus Kuhlbusch, Annabelle Lemenuel-Diot, Zhanwei Du, Lauren Ancel Meyers, Pedro A Piedra, Takahiro Takazono, Hui-Ling Yen, Arnold S Monto
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab625
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 532–540
Prompt antiviral treatment has the potential to reduce influenza virus transmission to close contacts, but rigorous data on the magnitude of treatment effects on transmission are limited
Nonresolving Nodular Rash
Bohdan P Savaryn, Justin Z Chen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab316
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 541–543
Evaluating Vaccine Efficacy Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Dan-Yu Lin, Yu Gu, Donglin Zeng, Holly E Janes, Peter B Gilbert
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab630
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 544–552
Although interim results from several large, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials demonstrated high vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unknown how effective the vaccines are in preventing people from becoming asymptomatically infected and potentially spreading the virus unwittingly.
Chronic Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in the Immunocompromised Patient: New Challenges and Urgent Needs
Lorenzo Lodi, Maria Moriondo, Alessandra Pucci, Laura Pisano, Silvia Ricci, Giuseppe Indolfi, Chiara Azzari
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab538
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Page 553
Disparities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes for African Americans: More Studies Are Warranted
Shiva Mehravaran, Hussien Ahmed H Abdelgawad, Yun-Chi Chen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab498
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 555–556
Reply to author
Zanthia Wiley, Katie Ross-Driscoll, Zhensheng Wang, Laken Smothers, Aneesh K Mehta, Rachel E Patzer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab499
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Page 556,
Better Hybrid Systems for Disease Detections and Early Predictions
Arni S R Srinivasa Rao, Jose A Vazquez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab489
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 556–558
Neutralization Potential of Covishield Vaccinated Individuals Sera Against B.1.617.1
Pragya D Yadav, Gajanan N Sapkal, Priya Abraham, Gururaj Deshpande, Dimpal A Nyayanit, Deepak Y Patil, Nivedita Gupta, Rima R Sahay, Anita M Shete, Sanjay Kumar, Samiran Panda, Balram Bhargava
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab483
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 558–559
Useful Roles and Limitations for the Coccidioides Antigen Detection Enzyme Immunoassay
Christelle Kassis, L Joseph Wheat
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab482
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Page 560
It Is Time to Determine Tocilizumab’s Place in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Klopfenstein Timothée, Aurélie Gerazime, Marc Puyraveau, N’dri Juliette Kadiane-Oussou, Vincent Gendrin, Souheil Zayet for the HNF Hospital Tocilizumab Multidisciplinary Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab480
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 560–562
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis: Unequal Vaccine Siblings With Distinct Characteristics
Ulrich Heininger
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa643
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 562–563
Reply to Author
Radha Rajasingham, Eva A Enns, Byron P Vaughn
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa740
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Page 563
Invasive Fungal Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients
Tina Marinelli, Coleman Rotstein
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa603
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Pages 563–564
Erratum
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa1010
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 February 2022, Page 565
