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SARS-CoV-2: First Human Challenge Study
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac191
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages i–ii
Effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines for Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations in the United States
Mark W Tenforde, Manish M Patel, Adit A Ginde, David J Douin, H Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D Casey, Nicholas M Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Manjusha Gaglani, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Nathan I Shapiro, Kevin W Gibbs, D Clark Files, David N Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E Prekker, Heidi L Erickson, Matthew C Exline, Michelle N Gong, Amira Mohamed, Daniel J Henning, Jay S Steingrub, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Emily T Martin, Arnold S Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L Hough, Laurence W Busse, Caitlin C ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G Wilson, Alexandra June Gordon, Nida Qadir, Steven Y Chang, Christopher Mallow, Hayley B Gershengorn, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Natasha Halasa, James D Chappell, Adam S Lauring, Carlos G Grijalva, Todd W Rice, Ian D Jones, William B Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N Womack, Christopher J Lindsell, Kimberly W Hart, Yuwei Zhu, Samantha M Olson, Meagan Stephenson, Stephanie J Schrag, Miwako Kobayashi, Jennifer R Verani, Wesley H Self, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab687
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1515–1524
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viremia Is Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Predicts Clinical Outcomes
Jana L Jacobs, William Bain, Asma Naqvi, Brittany Staines, Priscila M S Castanha, Haopu Yang, Valerie F Boltz, Simon Barratt-Boyes, Ernesto T A Marques, Stephanie L Mitchell, Barbara Methé, Tolani F Olonisakin, Ghady Haidar, Thomas W Burke, Elizabeth Petzold, Thomas Denny, Chris W Woods, Bryan J McVerry, Janet S Lee, Simon C Watkins, Claudette M St Croix, Alison Morris, Mary F Kearney, Mark S Ladinsky, Pamela J Bjorkman, Georgios D Kitsios, John W Mellors
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab686
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1525–1533
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA (vRNA) is detected in the bloodstream of some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is not clear whether this RNAemia reflects viremia (ie, virus particles) and how it relates to host immune responses and outcomes.
Improvements in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing Cascade in the United States: Data From Serial Cross-sectional Assessments
Steven J Clipman, Amy Wesolowski, Shruti H Mehta, Sarah Cobey, Derek A T Cummings, Sunil S Solomon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab683
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1534–1542
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing is critical for monitoring case counts, early detection and containment of infection, clinical management, and surveillance of variants. However, community-based data on the access, uptake, and barriers to testing have been lacking.
Clinical Outcomes, Echocardiographic Findings, and Care Quality Metrics for People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Uganda
Andrew Y Chang, Joselyn Rwebembera, Eran Bendavid, Emmy Okello, Michele Barry, Andrea Z Beaton, Christiane Haeffele, Allison R Webel, Cissy Kityo, Chris T Longenecker
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab681
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1543–1548
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) affects 41 million people worldwide, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, where it is co-endemic with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is also a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with cardiovascular complications, yet the epidemiology of patients affected by both diseases is poorly understood.
The Natural History of Rectal Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections: The ExGen Study
Lindley A Barbee, Christine M Khosropour, Olusegun O Soge, James P Hughes, Micaela Haglund, Winnie Yeung, Matthew R Golden
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab680
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1549–1556
The duration of rectal gonococcal and chlamydial infection remains unknown. This basic epidemiologic parameter is needed to understand transmission dynamics.
Reconciling Egg- and Antigen-Based Estimates of Schistosoma mansoni Clearance and Reinfection: A Modeling Study
Jessica Clark, Arinaitwe Moses, Andrina Nankasi, Christina L Faust, Adriko Moses, Diana Ajambo, Fred Besigye, Aaron Atuhaire, Aidah Wamboko, Lauren V Carruthers, Rachel Francoeur, Edridah M Tukahebwa, Joaquin M Prada, Poppy H L Lamberton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab679
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1557–1563
Despite decades of interventions, 240 million people have schistosomiasis. Infections cannot be directly observed, and egg-based Kato-Katz thick smears lack sensitivity, affected treatment efficacy and reinfection rate estimates. The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (referred to from here as POC-CCA+) test is advocated as an improvement on the Kato-Katz method, but improved estimates are limited by ambiguities in the interpretation of trace results.
Respiratory Microbiome Disruption and Risk for Ventilator-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
James J Harrigan, Hatem O Abdallah, Erik L Clarke, Arman Oganisian, Jason A Roy, Ebbing Lautenbach, Emily Reesey, Magda Wernovsky, Pam Tolomeo, Zygmunt Morawski, Jerry Jacob, Michael A Grippi, Brendan J Kelly
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab678
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1564–1571
Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection (VA-LRTI) is common among critically ill patients and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In acute critical illness, respiratory microbiome disruption indices (MDIs) have been shown to predict risk for VA-LRTI, but their utility beyond the first days of critical illness is unknown. We sought to characterize how MDIs previously shown to predict VA-LRTI at initiation of mechanical ventilation change with prolonged mechanical ventilation, and if they remain associated with VA-LRTI risk.
Real-World Comparison of Bezlotoxumab to Standard of Care Therapy for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients at High Risk for Recurrence
Tanner M Johnson, Kyle C Molina, Amanda H Howard, Kerry Schwarz, Lorna Allen, Misha Huang, Valida Bajrovic, Matthew A Miller
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab674
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1572–1578
Bezlotoxumab (BEZ) is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). This study investigates BEZ effectiveness in relation to rCDI and patient-specific risk factors in a real-world setting.
Risk of Healthcare-Associated Transmission of Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Hospitalized Cancer Patients
Karin Chow, Anoshé Aslam, Tara McClure, Jessica Singh, Jacquelyn Burns, Tracy McMillen, Krupa Jani, Anabella Lucca, Tania Bubb, Elizabeth V Robilotti, N Esther Babady, Mini Kamboj
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab670
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1579–1585
There is limited information on the risk of hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among high-risk hospitalized patients after exposure to an infected patient or healthcare worker (HCW) in a nonoutbreak setting.
Changes in Health-related Quality of Life for Hepatitis C Virus–Infected People Who Inject Drugs While on Opioid Agonist Treatment Following Sustained Virologic Response
Mirinda Ann Gormley, Matthew J Akiyama, Lior Rennert, Kerry A Howard, Brianna L Norton, Irene Pericot-Valverde, Sam Muench, Moonseong Heo, Alain H Litwin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab669
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1586–1593
Although efforts to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people who inject drugs (PWID) yield high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), the relationship between successful HCV treatment and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among PWID is poorly understood. We examined HRQOL changes throughout HCV treatment and post-treatment for PWID achieving SVR.
Trends, Mechanisms, and Racial/Ethnic Differences of Tuberculosis Incidence in the US-Born Population Aged 50 Years or Older in the United States
Sun Kim, Ted Cohen, C Robert Horsburgh, Jr, Jeffrey W Miller, Andrew N Hill, Suzanne M Marks, Rongxia Li, J Steve Kammerer, Joshua A Salomon, Nicolas A Menzies
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab668
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1594–1603
Older age is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) in low incidence settings. Using data from the US National TB Surveillance System and American Community Survey, we estimated trends and racial/ethnic differences in TB incidence among US-born cohorts aged ≥50 years.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of 3 Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention in Pregnant Women
Jyoti S Mathad, Rada Savic, Paula Britto, Priya Jayachandran, Lubbe Wiesner, Grace Montepiedra, Jennifer Norman, Nan Zhang, Ellen Townley, Nahida Chakhtoura, Sarah Bradford, Sandesh Patil, Stephanie Popson, Tsungai Chipato, Vanessa Rouzier, Deborah Langat, Amphan Chalermchockcharoentkit, Portia Kamthunzi, Amita Gupta, Kelly E Dooley
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab665
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1604–1613
Pregnancy increases the risk of tuberculosis and its complications. A 3-month regimen of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is safe and effective for tuberculosis prevention in adults and children, including those with HIV, but 3HP has not been evaluated in pregnancy.
Epidemiology and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Travelers at Airport and Port Quarantine Stations Across Japan: A Nationwide Descriptive Analysis and an Individually Matched Case-Control Study
Motoyuki Tsuboi, Masahiko Hachiya, Hiroshi Ohtsu, Hidechika Akashi, Chiaki Miyoshi, Tamami Umeda
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab659
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1614–1622
The epidemiology and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among travelers at international borders remain unclear.
Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant-Associated Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Mutations on the Susceptibility to Serum Antibodies Elicited by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection or Vaccination
Lin-Lei Chen, Lu Lu, Charlotte Yee-Ki Choi, Jian-Piao Cai, Hoi-Wah Tsoi, Allen Wing-Ho Chu, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Wan-Mui Chan, Ricky Ruiqi Zhang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Anthony Raymond Tam, Daphne Pui-Ling Lau, Wing-Kin To, Tak-Lun Que, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Kwok-Hung Chan, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Kelvin Kai-Wang To
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab656
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1623–1630
Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages with mutations at the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) have reduced susceptibility to antibody neutralization, and have been classified as variants of concern (VOCs) or variants of interest (VOIs). Here we systematically compared the neutralization susceptibility and RBD binding of different VOCs/VOIs, including B.1.617.1 (kappa variant) and P.3 (theta variant), which were first detected in India and the Philippines, respectively.
Vikela Ekhaya: A Novel, Community-based, Tuberculosis Contact Management Program in a High Burden Setting
Alexander W Kay, Micaela Sandoval, Godwin Mtetwa, Musa Mkhabela, Banele Ndlovu, Tara Devezin, Welile Sikhondze, Debrah Vambe, Joyce Sibanda, Gloria S Dube, Robert H Stevens, Bhekumusa Lukhele, Anna M Mandalakas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab652
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1631–1638
The prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in child contacts of TB cases and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a public health priority, but global access to TB preventive therapy (TPT) remains low. In 2019, we implemented Vikela Ekhaya, a novel community-based TB contact management program in Eswatini designed to reduce barriers to accessing TPT.
Dynamics of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Israel in Children and Adults in the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Era: A Nationwide Prospective Surveillance
Shalom Ben-Shimol, Gili Regev-Yochay, Noga Givon-Lavi, Bart Adriaan van der Beek, Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Avi Peretz, Orli Megged, Ron Dagan, Israeli Pediatric Bacteremia and Meningitis Group (IPBMG) , Israeli Adult Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IAIPD) Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab645
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1639–1649,
Following 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) implementation in infants worldwide, overall and vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates declined in children, with variable indirect impact on adults.
Digital Chest Radiography Enhances Screening Efficiency for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Primary Health Clinics in South Africa
Nishila Moodley, Kavindhran Velen, Amashnee Saimen, Noor Zakhura, Gavin Churchyard, Salome Charalambous
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab644
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1650–1658
Optimized tuberculosis (TB) screening in high burden settings is essential for case finding. We evaluated digital chest X-ray with computer-aided detection (CAD) software (d-CXR) for identifying undiagnosed TB in three primary health clinics in South Africa.
Plasma Microbial Cell-free DNA Next-generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis and Management of Febrile Neutropenia
Esther Benamu, Kiran Gajurel, Jill N Anderson, Tullia Lieb, Carlos A Gomez, Hon Seng, Romielle Aquino, Desiree Hollemon, David K Hong, Timothy A Blauwkamp, Mickey Kertesz, Lily Blair, Paul L Bollyky, Bruno C Medeiros, Steven Coutre, Simona Zompi, Jose G Montoya, Stan Deresinski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab324
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1659–1668
Standard testing fails to identify a pathogen in most patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). We evaluated the ability of the Karius microbial cell-free DNA sequencing test (KT) to identify infectious etiologies of FN and its impact on antimicrobial management.
Sequencing for Infection Diagnostics: Is It Time to embrace the Next Generation?
Prakhar Vijayvargiya, Matthew J Thoendel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab326
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1669–1670
Immune Reconstitution Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in HIV infected Individuals: Years of Living Danger-ously
Camille Lange, Frank Maldarelli
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab565
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1671–1674,
Latino Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Diego A Martinez, Eili Y Klein, Cassandra Parent, Diana Prieto, Benjamin F Bigelow, Ronald E Saxton, Kathleen R Page
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab753
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1675–1677
We assessed temporal changes in the household secondary attack rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and identified risk factors for transmission in vulnerable Latino households of Baltimore, Maryland. The household secondary attack rate was 45.8%, and it appeared to increase as the alpha variant spread, highlighting the magnified risk of spread in unvaccinated populations.
Estimating the Latent Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Hualei Xin, Yu Li, Peng Wu, Zhili Li, Eric H Y Lau, Ying Qin, Liping Wang, Benjamin J Cowling, Tim K Tsang, Zhongjie Li
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab746
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1678–1681
Using detailed exposure information on COVID-19 cases, we estimated the mean latent period to be 5.5 (95% CI: 5.1–5.9) days, shorter than the mean incubation period (6.9 days). Laboratory testing may allow shorter quarantines since 95% of COVID-19 cases shed virus within 10.6 (95% CI: 9.6–11.6) days of infection.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection: A Case Series From a 12-Month Longitudinal Occupational Cohort
Christina D Mack, Caroline Tai, Robby Sikka, Yonatan H Grad, Lisa L Maragakis, Nathan D Grubaugh, Deverick J Anderson, David Ho, Michael Merson, Radhika M Samant, Joseph R Fauver, James Barrett, Leroy Sims, John DiFiori
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab738
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1682–1685
Findings are described in 7 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection from the National Basketball Association 2020–2021 occupational testing cohort, including clinical details, antibody test results, genomic sequencing, and longitudinal reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results. Reinfections were infrequent and varied in clinical presentation, viral dynamics, and immune response.
Therapeutic Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) During Pandemics: Double-edged Swords
Adarsh Bhimraj, Rebecca L Morgan, Amy Hirsch Shumaker, Valery Lavergne, Lindsey Baden, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Kathryn M Edwards, Rajesh T Gandhi, Jason C Gallagher, William J Muller, John C O’Horo, Shmuel Shoham, Dana Swartzberg Wollins, Yngve Falck-Ytter
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab880
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1686–1690
Given the urgent need for treatments during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the US Food and Drug Administration issued emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for multiple therapies. In several instances, however, these EUAs were issued before sufficient evidence of a given therapy’s efficacy and safety were available, potentially promoting ineffective or even harmful therapies and undermining the generation of definitive evidence.
Lessons Learned from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Therapies: Critical Perspectives From the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) COVID-19 Treatment Guideline Panel
Adarsh Bhimraj, Rebecca L Morgan, Amy Hirsch Shumaker, Lindsey Baden, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Kathryn M Edwards, Rajesh T Gandhi, Jason C Gallagher, William J Muller, John C O’Horo, Shmuel Shoham, Dana Swartzberg Wollins, Yngve Falck-Ytter
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab882
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1691–1695
Despite the challenges of the pandemic, there has been substantial progress with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapies. Pivotal COVID-19 trials like SOLIDARITY, RECOVERY, and ACCT-1 were rapidly conducted and data disseminated to support effective therapies.
Antibiotic Overuse and Stewardship at Hospital Discharge: The Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge Home Framework
Valerie M Vaughn, Adam L Hersh, Emily S Spivak
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab842
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1696–1702
Though opportunities exist to improve antibiotic prescribing across the care spectrum, discharge from acute hospitalization is an increasingly recognized source of antibiotic overuse.
Painless Loss of Vision and a Vesicular Rash in a 22-Year-Old
Dominic I Maher, Jonathan T Lee, Ming-Lee Lin, Anthony J Hall
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab666
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1703–1705
Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an Immunocompromised Host Treated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies
Benoit Bailly, Helene Péré, David Veyer, Ana Berceanu, Etienne Daguindau, Pauline Roux, Olivier Hermine, Xavier de Lamballerie, Paul Bastard, Karine Lacombe, Brigitte Autran, Fanny Angelot Delettre, Jean Laurent Casanova, Sandrine Imbeaud, Anne Laure Clairet, Marie Kroemer, Laurie Spehner, Nicolas Robillard, Julien Puech, Solène Marty-Quinternet, Quentin Lepiller, Catherine Chirouze, Kevin Bouiller
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab868
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1706–1707
Reply to Bailly et al
John Paul Verderese, Linda Henry, Zobair M Younossi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab870
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1707–1708,
World Health Organization Guidance to Support Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Models During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era
Nathan Ford, Marco Vitoria, Meg Doherty
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab855
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1708–1710
Addition of Oral Fosfomycin to Antimicrobial Salvage Therapy for Persistent Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Bacteremia
Akshay M Khatri, Anthony D Anderson, Jose F Camargo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab832
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 9, 1 May 2022, Pages 1710–1711
