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Precision Medicine with FMT for Ulcerative Colitis: Are We There Yet?
Mohammed Nabil Quraishi, Tariq H Iqbal, Ailsa L Hart
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa190
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 519–520
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] continues to rise in North America and Western Europe and is rapidly emerging in populations in Asia. Epidemiological studies provide important clues to potential environmental factors predisposing to the development of IBD, including use of antibiotics in childhood, Western diet and lifestyle choices such as smoking.1 Each of these factors is independently associated with an imbalance in gut microbiota. Consequently, reduced microbiota diversity with associated a reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid [SCFA]-producing gut bacteria appears to be a characteristic and consistent feature of IBD. With considerable evidence demonstrating complex dynamic and bidirectional relationships between gut...
An Anti-migration Self-expandable and Removable Metal Stent for Crohn’s Disease Strictures: A Nationwide Study From GETAID and SFED
Alain Attar, Julien Branche, Emmanuel Coron, Jocelyn Privat, Ludovic Caillo ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa208
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 521–528
In Crohn’s disease, strictures are frequent and may require surgical resection or endoscopic balloon dilation. An anti-migration, removable and shaped self-expandable metal stent is available. We evaluated its effectiveness and safety in a real-life setting.
Clinical Outcomes of Covid-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Lauranne A A P Derikx, Marten A Lantinga, Dirk J de Jong, Willemijn A van Dop, Rob H Creemers ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa215
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 529–539
The COVID-19 risk and disease course in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to assess the clinical presentation, disease course, and outcomes of COVID-19 in IBD patients. Second, we determined COVID-19 incidences in IBD patients and compared this with the general population.
Prevalence and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Danish Prospective Population-based Cohort Study
Mohamed Attauabi, Anja Poulsen, Klaus Theede, Natalia Pedersen, Lone Larsen ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa205
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 540–550
As no population-based study has investigated the susceptibility and disease course of COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], we aimed to investigate this topic in a population-based setting.
Clinical, Endoscopic and Histological Outcomes in Induction of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Fernando Magro, Maria Manuela Estevinho, Cl?udia Camila Dias, Lu?s Correia, Paula Lago ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa176
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 551–566
Interest in histology for ulcerative colitis [UC] has increased recently. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess, for the first time, whether histological outcomes are more informative than endoscopic and clinical outcomes in distinguishing the impact of intervention over placebo in induction trials.
Risk of Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis With Persistent Endoscopic Healing: A Durable Treatment Endpoint
Sushrut Jangi, Ariela K Holmer, Parambir S Dulai, Brigid S Boland, Angelina E Collins ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa184
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 567–574
Deep remission in patients with UC has relied on initial achievement of biochemical, endoscopic, and/or histological remission. We evaluated persistent symptomatic remission and endoscopic healing (EH: Mayo endoscopy score [MES] 0 or 1) on consecutive endoscopic examinations as a durable treatment endpoint.
Infliximab, Immunomodulators and Treatment Failures in Paediatric and Adolescent Patients with Crohn’s Disease: a Nationwide Cohort Study
Ken Lund, Michael Due Larsen, Torben Knudsen, Jens Kjeldsen, Rasmus Gaardsk?r Nielsen ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa188
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 575–582
In paediatric patients with Crohn’s disease, the role of combination therapy, infliximab plus immunomodulators [thiopurine or methotrexate], is debated and data are sparse. We examined whether infliximab plus immunomodulators, compared to infliximab therapy alone, reduces the risk of treatment failure measured by intestinal surgery or switching type of anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] ? agent within 24 months.
Development of a Simple, Serum Biomarker-based Model Predictive of the Need for Early Biologic Therapy in Crohn’s Disease
Danny Con, Nina Parthasarathy, Maria Bishara, Raphael P Luber, Neetima Joshi ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa194
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 583–593
Early or first-line treatment with biologics, as opposed to conventional immunomodulators, is not always necessary to achieve remission in Crohn’s disease [CD] and may not be cost-effective. This study aimed to develop a simple model to predict the need for early biologic therapy, in order to risk-stratify CD patients and guide initial treatment selection.
Disease Activity Patterns, Mortality, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Microscopic Colitis: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study, 2001 to 2016
Petra Weimers, Dorit Vedel Ankersen, S?ren Lophaven, Ole Kristian Bonderup, Andreas Münch ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa207
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 594–602
The disease course of microscopic colitis [MC], encompassing collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC], is not well known. In a Danish nationwide cohort, we evaluated the disease activity patterns as well as the risk of colorectal cancer [CRC] and mortality based on disease severity.
Variability in the Distribution of Histological Disease Activity in the Colon of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Peter Bossuyt, Raf Bisschops, Séverine Vermeire, Gert De Hertogh
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa206
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 603–608
Histological activity scores have been developed and validated. However, data on the distribution of histological inflammation within one segment in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] are lacking. This impacts on the reliability of histological activity scores. The aim of this study was to assess the variability in histological activity within one endoscopic segment in patients with UC.
Expert Consensus on Optimal Acquisition and Development of the International Bowel Ultrasound Segmental Activity Score [IBUS-SAS]: A Reliability and Inter-rater Variability Study on Intestinal Ultrasonography in Crohn’s Disease
Kerri L Novak, Kim Nylund, Christian Maaser, Frauke Petersen, Torsten Kucharzik ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa216
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 609–616
Intestinal ultrasound [IUS] is an accurate, patient-centreed monitoring tool that objectively evaluates Crohn’s disease [CD] activity. However no current, widely accepted, reproducible activity index exists to facilitate consistent IUS identification of inflammatory activity. The aim of this study is to identify key parameters of CD inflammation on IUS, evaluate their reliability, and develop an IUS index reflecting segmental activity.
Tyrosine Kinase 2 Signalling Drives Pathogenic T cells in Colitis
Leonie C S De Vries, Mohammed Ghiboub, Patricia H P van Hamersveld, Olaf Welting, Caroline Verseijden ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa199
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 617–630
Tyrosine kinase 2 [TYK2] is required for the signalling of key cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We assessed the efficacy of a novel selective TYK2 inhibitor [TYK2i] in experimental colitis, using pharmacological and genetic tools.
Chylomicrons-Simulating Sustained Drug Release in Mesenteric Lymphatics for the Treatment of Crohn’s-Like Colitis
Yi Yin, Jingjing Yang, Yongchun Pan, Zhen Guo, Yanfeng Gao ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa200
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 631–646
Alteration to both the structures and functions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels is a typical hallmark of Crohn’s disease [CD]. Dysfunctional lymphatics was observed in patients with both CD and experimental colitis, suggesting mesenteric lymphatics could be potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop a nano-delivery system which can enhance drug delivery in mesenteric lymphatic tissue [MLT] and evaluate the therapeutic effects in Crohn’s colitis.
miR-130a-3p, a Preclinical Therapeutic Target for Crohn’s Disease
Jie Zhao, Honggang Wang, Jin Zhou, Jun Qian, Haojun Yang ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa204
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 647–664
Crohn’s disease [CD] is a chronic, relapsing and incurable inflammatory disorder. Micro RNAs [miRNAs], which modulate gene expression by binding to mRNAs, may make significant contributions to understanding the complex pathobiology and aetiology of CD. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role and mechanism of miR-130a-3p in CD.
M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomal miR-590-3p Attenuates DSS-Induced Mucosal Damage and Promotes Epithelial Repair via the LATS1/YAP/ ?-Catenin Signalling Axis
Feihong Deng, Jin Yan, Jiaxi Lu, Min Luo, Pianpian Xia ...
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa214
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 665–677
M2 phenotype macrophages are involved in the resolution of inflammation and intestinal repair. Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication in the mucosal microenvironment.
Crohn’s Disease: Is the Cold Chain Hypothesis Still Hot?
Jean-Pierre Hugot, Anne Dumay, Frédérick Barreau, Ulrich Meinzer
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa192
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 678–686
Crohn’s disease [CD] is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology. During recent decades, significant technological advances led to development of -omic datasets allowing a detailed description of the disease. Unfortunately these have not, to date, resolved the question of the aetiology of CD. Thus, it may be necessary to [re]consider hypothesis-driven approaches to resolve the aetiology of CD. According to the cold chain hypothesis, the development of industrial and domestic refrigeration has led to frequent exposure of human populations to bacteria capable of growing in the cold. These bacteria, at low levels of exposure, particularly those of the genus Yersinia, are believed to be capable of inducing exacerbated inflammation of the intestine in genetically predisposed subjects. We discuss the consistency of this working hypothesis in light of recent data from epidemiological, clinical, pathological, microbiological, and molecular studies.
Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 [PIMS-TS] in a Patient Receiving Infliximab Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Joseph Meredith, Cher-Antonia Khedim, Paul Henderson, David C Wilson, Richard K Russell
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa201
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 687–691
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 [PIMS-TS] is a newly described condition. It has a spectrum of presentations proposed to occur as part of a post-infectious immune response. We report the first case of PIMS-TS in a child on established anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [anti-TNF?] therapy; a 10 year-old girl with ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab.
Tofacitinib and Subacute Pneumonitis: Don’t Hold Your Breath
Bram Verstockt, Lieven Pouillon, Peter Bossuyt
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa218
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 692–693
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-related lung diseases encompass different entities (e.g. interstitial lung diseases [ILD]) which can be drug- or non-drug-related.1 Although extremely rare, case-series have associated drug-related lung diseases with several approved IBD therapies.1 Nevertheless, a diagnosis of drug-related lung disease remains challenging, and can only be made after extensive investigations to exclude other causes.2,3 Early recognition is therefore critical, with discontinuation of the causal compound being the key principle. Use of the ‘Pneumotox’ website [www.pneumotox.com] may be of outstanding value in this aetiological approach.
Tofacitinib Therapy, the Lender of Last Resort
Mariann Rutka, Daniella Pigniczki, Tam?s Moln?r
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa198
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Page 694
We have read with great interest the recently published article by Kotwani et al. about the use of tofacitinib [TFC] for rescue therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis. 1 TFC was recently approved for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis [UC] in Hungary. Since the January of 2019, an oral TFC induction therapy was started in a total of 20 patients. Here we present the data of those three patients who required hospitalisation and intravenous methylprednisolone therapy due to acute severe relapse before the TFC therapy. Like in Kotwani et al.‘s study, all our patients had a total Mayo [tMayo] score of 10 points...
Use of Tofacitinib for Ulcerative Colitis in a Liver Transplant Patient
Lucy Meunier, Clémentine Clerc, Magdalena Meszaros
doi : 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa032
Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2021, Page 695
There is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation [LT],1 although some LT patients have responded favourably and safely to biologic therapies such as anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy and vedolizumab.2–4 Recently tofacitinib, an oral small molecule Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitor, was shown to have potential efficacy as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis [UC].5 However, to our knowledge, there are no published data on the safety and efficacy of using tofacitinib in the management of active UC in LT recipients.
