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Is the jejunum the fulcrum of glucose metabolism?
Jose Manuel Fern?ndez-Real, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322662
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (29 September, 2020)
Delivering better value colonoscopy: bridging the gap with FIT
Robert P H Logan, Willie Hamilton
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323118
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (24 November, 2020)
Brachyspira and IBS with diarrhoea: a Helicobacter pylori moment?
Robin C Spiller, Jonna Jalanka
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323370
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (24 December, 2020)
Multiplexed endoscopic imaging of Barrett’s neoplasia using targeted fluorescent heptapeptides in a phase 1 proof-of-concept study
Jing Chen, Yang Jiang, Tse-Shao Chang, Bishnu Joshi, Juan Zhou, Joel H Rubenstein, Erik J Wamsteker, Richard S Kwon, Henry Appelman, David G Beer, Danielle K Turgeon, Eric J Seibel, Thomas D Wang
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322945
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (7 October, 2020)
Original research: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation or surveillance in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus with confirmed low-grade dysplasia: a multicentre randomised trial
Maximilien Barret, Mathieu Pioche, Benoit Terris, Thierry Ponchon, Franck Cholet, Frank Zerbib, Edouard Chabrun, Marc Le Rhun, Emmanuel Coron, Marc Giovannini, Fabrice Caillol, René Laugier, Jeremie Jacques, Romain Legros, Christian Boustiere, Gabriel Rahmi, Elodie Metivier-Cesbron, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Paul Bauret, Jean Escourrou, Julien Branche, Lea Jilet, Hendy Abdoul, Nadira Kaddour, Sarah Leblanc, Michael Bensoussan, Frederic Prat, Stanislas Chaussade
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322082
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (8 March, 2021)
Due to an annual progression rate of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) between 9% and 13% per year endoscopic ablation therapy is preferred to surveillance. Since this recommendation is based on only one randomised trial, we aimed at checking these results by another multicentre randomised trial with a similar design.
Original research: Deconvolution of monocyte responses in inflammatory bowel disease reveals an IL-1 cytokine network that regulates IL-23 in genetic and acquired IL-10 resistance
Dominik Aschenbrenner, Maria Quaranta, Soumya Banerjee, Nicholas Ilott, Joanneke Jansen, Boyd Steere, Yin-Huai Chen, Stephen Ho, Karen Cox, Carolina V Arancibia-C?rcamo, Mark Coles, Eamonn Gaffney, Simon PL Travis, Lee Denson, Subra Kugathasan, Jochen Schmitz, Fiona Powrie, Stephen N Sansom, Holm H Uhlig
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321731
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (9 October, 2020)
Dysregulated immune responses are the cause of IBDs. Studies in mice and humans suggest a central role of interleukin (IL)-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes in disease pathogenesis. Mechanistic insights into the regulation of IL-23 are prerequisite for selective IL-23 targeting therapies as part of personalised medicine.
Original research: Inflammatory bowel diseases among first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Denmark: a population-based cohort study
Manasi Agrawal, Giulia Corn, Sarita Shrestha, Nete Munk Nielsen, Morten Frisch, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Tine Jess
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321798
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (7 September, 2020)
Our objective was to estimate the relative risk of IBD among first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Denmark compared with native Danes.
Adaptations to the current ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines on the management of paediatric acute severe colitis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel
Richard Hansen, Susanna Meade, R Mark Beattie, Marcus KH Auth, Nick Croft, Philip Davies, David Devadason, Conor Doherty, Jenny Epstein, Lucy Howarth, Fevronia Kiparissi, Rafeeq Muhammed, Vinay Shivamurthy, Christine Spray, Michael P Stanton, Franco Torrente, Arun Urs, David Wilson, Peter M Irving, Mark Samaan, Jochen Kammermeier
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322449
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (1 September, 2020)
Paediatric acute severe colitis (ASC) management during the novel SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to reliance on immunosuppression and the potential for surgery. We aimed to provide COVID-19-specific guidance using the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines for comparison.
Prioritisation by FIT to mitigate the impact of delays in the 2-week wait colorectal cancer referral pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK modelling study
Chey Loveday, Amit Sud, Michael E Jones, John Broggio, Stephen Scott, Firza Gronthound, Beth Torr, Alice Garrett, David L Nicol, Shaman Jhanji, Stephen A Boyce, Matthew Williams, Claire Barry, Elio Riboli, Emma Kipps, Ethna McFerran, David C Muller, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Mark Lawler, Muti Abulafi, Richard S Houlston, Clare Turnbull
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321650
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (27 August, 2020)
To evaluate the impact of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) prioritisation to mitigate the impact of delays in the colorectal cancer (CRC) urgent diagnostic (2-week-wait (2WW)) pathway consequent from the COVID-19 pandemic.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in acute pancreatitis increases disease severity and 30-day mortality: COVID PAN collaborative study
Sanjay Pandanaboyana, John Moir, John S Leeds, Kofi Oppong, Aditya Kanwar, Ahmed Marzouk, Ajay Belgaumkar, Ajay Gupta, Ajith K Siriwardena, Ali Raza Haque, Altaf Awan, Anita Balakrishnan, Arab Rawashdeh, Bogdan Ivanov, Chetan Parmar, Christopher M Halloran, Clifford Caruana, Cynthia-Michelle Borg, Dhanny Gomez, Dimitrios Damaskos, Dimitrios Karavias, Guy Finch, Husam Ebied, James K Pine, James R A Skipworth, James Milburn, Javed Latif, Jeyakumar Ratnam Apollos, Jihène El Kafsi, John A Windsor, Keith Roberts, Kelvin Wang, Krish Ravi, Maria V Coats, Marianne Hollyman, Mary Phillips, Michael Okocha, Michael SJ Wilson, Nadeem A Ameer, Nagappan Kumar, Nehal Shah, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Connor Magee, Bilal Al-Sarireh, Raimundas Lunevicius, Rami Benhmida, Rishi Singhal, Srinivasan Balachandra, Semra Demirli At?c?, Shameen Jaunoo, Simon Dwerryhouse, Tamsin Boyce, Vasileios Charalampakis, Venkat Kanakala, Zaigham Abbas, Manu Nayar
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323364
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (5 February, 2021)
There is emerging evidence that the pancreas may be a target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and coexistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Regular use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies
Jinqiu Yuan, Qiangsheng He, Long H Nguyen, Martin C S Wong, Junjie Huang, Yuanyuan Yu, Bin Xia, Yan Tang, Yulong He, Changhua Zhang
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322557
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (28 September, 2020)
The association between the regular use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of type 2 diabetes remains unclear, although a recent randomised controlled trial showed a trend towards increased risk. This study was undertaken to evaluate the regular use of PPIs and risk of type 2 diabetes.
Original research: Identification of new enterosynes using prebiotics: roles of bioactive lipids and mu-opioid receptor signalling in humans and mice
Anne Abot, Eve Wemelle, Claire Laurens, Adrien Paquot, Nicolas Pomie, Deborah Carper, Arnaud Bessac, Xavier Mas Orea, Christophe Fremez, Maxime Fontanie, Alexandre Lucas, Jean Lesage, Amandine Everard, Etienne Meunier, Gilles Dietrich, Giulio G Muccioli, Cedric Moro, Patrice D Cani, Claude Knauf
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320230
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (5 October, 2020)
The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a key role in controlling the gut-brain axis under normal and pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. The discovery of intestinal actors, such as enterosynes, able to modulate the ENS-induced duodenal contraction is considered an innovative approach. Among all the intestinal factors, the understanding of the role of gut microbes in controlling glycaemia is still developed. We studied whether the modulation of gut microbiota by prebiotics could permit the identification of novel enterosynes.
Original research: Bacteria-derived long chain fatty acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in colitis
Julien Pujo, Camille Petitfils, Pauline Le Faouder, Venessa Eeckhaut, Gaelle Payros, Sarah Maurel, Teresa Perez-Berezo, Matthias Van Hul, Frederick Barreau, Catherine Blanpied, Stephane Chavanas, Filip Van Immerseel, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Eric Oswald, Claude Knauf, Gilles Dietrich, Patrice D Cani, Nicolas Cenac
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321173
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (25 September, 2020)
Data from clinical research suggest that certain probiotic bacterial strains have the potential to modulate colonic inflammation. Nonetheless, these data differ between studies due to the probiotic bacterial strains used and the poor knowledge of their mechanisms of action.
Original research: Small intestinal metabolism is central to whole-body insulin resistance
Giulia Angelini, Serenella Salinari, Lidia Castagneto-Gissey, Alessandro Bertuzzi, James Casella-Mariolo, Sofie Ahlin, Ivo Boskoski, Melania Gaggini, Marco Raffaelli, Guido Costamagna, Giovanni Casella, Pier Luigi Marini, Amalia Gastaldelli, Stefan Bornstein, Geltrude Mingrone
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322073
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (29 September, 2020)
To assess the role of jejunum in insulin resistance in humans and in experimental animals.
Original research: Comparison of the Rome IV criteria with the Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in secondary care
Christopher J Black, Orla Craig, David J Gracie, Alexander C Ford
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322519
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (24 September, 2020)
Despite being proposed 4 years ago, there has been no independent validation study of the Rome IV criteria for IBS. We assessed their performance for the diagnosis of IBS in secondary care and compared them with the previous iteration, the Rome III criteria.
Original research: Association between Brachyspira and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoeaEditor's Choice
Karolina S Jabbar, Brendan Dolan, Lisbeth Eklund, Catharina Wising, Anna Ermund, ?sa Johansson, Hans T?rnblom, Magnus Simren, Gunnar C Hansson
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321466
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (11 November, 2020)
The incidence of IBS increases following enteric infections, suggesting a causative role for microbial imbalance. However, analyses of faecal microbiota have not demonstrated consistent alterations. Here, we used metaproteomics to investigate potential associations between mucus-resident microbiota and IBS symptoms.
Faecal immunochemical test is superior to symptoms in predicting pathology in patients with suspected colorectal cancer symptoms referred on a 2WW pathway: a diagnostic accuracy study
Nigel D'Souza, Theo Georgiou Delisle, Michelle Chen, Sally Benton, Muti Abulafi
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321956
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (21 October, 2020)
To assess whether a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) could be used to select patients with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms for urgent investigation.
Original research: TP53, a gene for colorectal cancer predisposition in the absence of Li-Fraumeni-associated phenotypes
Mariona Terradas, Pilar Mur, Sami Belhadj, Emma R Woodward, George J Burghel, Pau M Munoz-Torres, Isabel Quintana, Matilde Navarro, Joan Brunet, Conxi Lazaro, Marta Pineda, Victor Moreno, Gabriel Capella, D Gareth R Evans, Laura Valle
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321825
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (30 September, 2020)
Germline TP53 pathogenic (P) variants cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), an aggressive multitumor-predisposing condition. Due to the implementation of multigene panel testing, TP53 variants have been detected in individuals without LFS suspicion, for example, patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to decipher whether these findings are the result of detecting the background population prevalence or the aetiological basis of CRC.
Original research: Metabolic syndrome, metabolic comorbid conditions and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer
Hanyu Chen, Xiaobin Zheng, Xiaoyu Zong, Zitong Li, Na Li, Jinhee Hur, Cassandra DL Fritz, William Chapman Jr, Katelin B Nickel, Andrew Tipping, Graham A Colditz, Edward L Giovannucci, Margaret A Olsen, Ryan C Fields, Yin Cao
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321661
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (9 October, 2020)
Factors that lead to metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC diagnosed under age 50). However, the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early-onset CRC remains unexamined.
Original research: Derivation and validation of a predictive model for advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic adults
Thomas F Imperiale, Patrick O Monahan, Timothy E Stump, David F Ransohoff
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321698
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (29 September, 2020)
Knowing risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia (AN) could help patients and providers choose among screening tests, improving screening efficiency and uptake. We created a risk prediction model for AN to help decide which test might be preferred, a use not considered for existing models.
Original research: Interaction of bacterial metagenome and virome in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
Jasmohan S Bajaj, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Amirhossein Shamsaddini, Zachariah Henseler, Tasha Santiago-Rodriguez, Chathur Acharya, Andrew Fagan, Phillip B Hylemon, Michael Fuchs, Edith Gavis, Tonya Ward, Dan Knights, Patrick M Gillevet
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322470
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (30 September, 2020)
Altered bacterial composition is associated with disease progression in cirrhosis but the role of virome, especially phages, is unclear.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders
Allison Agus, Karine Clément, Harry Sokol
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323071
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (3 December, 2020)
Metabolic disorders represent a growing worldwide health challenge due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. The gut microbiota is a crucial actor that can interact with the host by the production of a diverse reservoir of metabolites, from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous host compounds. Metabolic disorders are associated with alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Specific classes of microbiota-derived metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan and indole derivatives, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This review aims to define the key classes of microbiota-derived metabolites that are altered in metabolic diseases and their role in pathogenesis. They represent potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis as well as promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic tools for metabolic disorders.
Artificial intelligence-based pathology for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers
Julien Calderaro, Jakob Nikolas Kather
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322880
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (19 November, 2020)
Artificial intelligence (AI) can extract complex information from visual data. Histopathology images of gastrointestinal (GI) and liver cancer contain a very high amount of information which human observers can only partially make sense of. Complementing human observers, AI allows an in-depth analysis of digitised histological slides of GI and liver cancer and offers a wide range of clinically relevant applications. First, AI can automatically detect tumour tissue, easing the exponentially increasing workload on pathologists. In addition, and possibly exceeding pathologist’s capacities, AI can capture prognostically relevant tissue features and thus predict clinical outcome across GI and liver cancer types. Finally, AI has demonstrated its capacity to infer molecular and genetic alterations of cancer tissues from histological digital slides. These are likely only the first of many AI applications that will have important clinical implications. Thus, pathologists and clinicians alike should be aware of the principles of AI-based pathology and its ability to solve clinically relevant problems, along with its limitations and biases.
GI highlights from the literature
Philip J Smith
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324971
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (7 May, 2021)
PostScript: Response letter to: letter to the editor: three-dimensional bioprinted hepatorganoids in liver failure
Huayu Yang, Lejia Sun, Yilei Mao
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322471
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (14 August, 2020)
PostScript: Challenging detection of hard-to-find gastric cancers with artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopy
Daisuke Murakami, Masayuki Yamato, Yuji Amano, Tomohiro Tada
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322453
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (18 August, 2020)
PostScript: Coeliac disease and risk of birth defects in pregnancy
Nathalie Auger, Amelie Therrien, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Chantal Nelson, Laura Arbour
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322425
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (19 August, 2020)
PostScript: Utility of minimally invasive measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient via the peripheral antecubital vein
Akira Yamamoto, Norifumi Kawada, Atsushi Jogo, Kazuki Murai, Kohei Kotani, Ken Kageyama, Shinichi Hamamoto, Etsuji Sohgawa, Sawako Uchida-Kobayashi, Masaru Enomoto, Akihiro Tamori, Yukio Miki
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322367
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (18 August, 2020)
PostScript: Authors’ response — Delineating a rectum-specific selective resection algorithm: the time is now!
Neal Shahidi, Sergei Vosko, Michael J Bourke
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322628
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (24 August, 2020)
When entomology meets gastroenterology
Grigoriy E Gurvits, Rashelle Tsyrlin
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320650
June 2021-Volume 70-6 (19 February, 2020)
