Version June 2024
| Assessment tool | Description | Utility | Disadvantages |
| Karnofsky performance status | 100-point scale of general function corresponding to the patient's ability to live at home and/or the need for hospitalization. | Commonly used for estimating prognosis in palliative care, even though provides information on general function. | Developed and validated in cancer patients. Scores correlate poorly with functional status when used in the rehabilitation setting, particularly in older patients. |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status | 5-point scale of general function that assesses patient's ability to walk and care for self as well as the need for dependence on others or hospitalization. | Commonly used for estimating prognosis in palliative care, even though provides information on general function. | Developed and validated in cancer patients. Scores correlate poorly with functional status when used in the rehabilitation setting, particularly in older patients. |
| Palliative Performance Scale (PPS)[1] | Observer-rated assessment scale of ambulation, activity level, self-care, oral intake, and level of consciousness. | Reliable tool for assessment of prognosis in palliative care that correlates well with survival time. | |
| Edmonton Functional Assessment Tool[2] | First part includes 11 items (communication, mental status, pain, respiratory function, balance [sitting or standing], mobility, walking and wheelchair locomotion, activities of daily living, fatigue, motivation, and performance status) scored on a 4-point rating scale (0 to 4). The second part is a single overall rating, on a scale of 0 to 3, of patient's functional status. | Designed and validated specifically for palliative care populations. | |
| Katz Activity of Daily Living[3] | Assesses 6 domains (bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding), which are each rated as dependent (0) or independent (1). | Commonly used to assess the functional status of hospice and palliative care patients, despite being originally developed for the chronically ill and aged population. | Not validated for palliative care populations. |
| Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living[4] | Functional assessment tool that assesses eight domains of function (medication management, telephone use, housekeeping, food preparation, laundry, financial management, transportation, and shopping). | Neither developed nor validated in palliative care populations. | |
| Barthel Index[5] | Assesses patient's capacity to independently perform 10 tasks (feeding, dressing, personal hygiene, bowel control, bladder control, wheelchair transfer to and from bed, toilet transfer, bathtub transfer, walking on level or being propelled by wheelchair, and ascending and descending stairs). | Neither developed nor validated in palliative care populations. | |
| Functional Independence Measure (FIM)[6] | Comprehensive observer-rated scale that assesses domains of self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication, and social cognition. | Reliable and valid tool that can be used to measure functional outcomes in patients who can participate in more intensive rehabilitation programs. Global measure of disability, measuring how much assistance individuals need to carry out ADLs. | Neither developed nor validated in palliative care populations. |
| Berg Balance Scale[7] | Observer-rated performance-based instrument that assesses 14 tasks related to changes in position from sitting to standing, transferring, reaching out with outstretched arm, turning, and standing on one foot. | Assesses individual risk of falling. | |
| Tinetti Assessment of Balance and Gait[8] | Observer-rated performance-based instrument that contains 9 items for balance (sitting balance, rising, attempts to rise, immediate standing balance within 5 seconds, standing balance, being nudged, eyes closed, turning 360 degrees, and sitting down) and 7 for gait (initiation of gait, step length and height, step symmetry, step continuity, path walked, trunk, and walking stance). | Assesses individual risk of falling. | |
| Timed Up and Go (TUG)[9] | Performance-based assessment instrument. Patient asked to stand without using proximal muscles from a sitting position, walk 3 meters forward, and return to a sitting position. The average normal time to complete the task is about 10 seconds. If greater than 20 seconds, patient has a strong likelihood of falling. | Assesses individual risk of falling. | Developed for use in older adults. Neither developed nor validated in palliative care populations. |
| 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)[10] | Measure of endurance in which the patient is scored on their ability to walk in 6 minutes. | Useful measure of functional capacity and widely used for measuring response to cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation. | Not validated in cancer populations. |
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