Adjunctive agent | Timing of administration |
Prevention[1] | |
Propofol IV |
|
Thiopental* IV |
|
Opioid IV |
|
Midazolam | |
|
|
|
|
Alpha2 agonist | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ketamine IV |
|
Melatonin oral |
|
Tropisetron¶ IV (refer to 5HT3 receptor antagonists IV below) |
|
Magnesium sulfate IV |
|
Regional anesthesiaΔ |
|
Monochromatic blue light |
|
Ineffective measures | |
Midazolam | |
|
|
|
|
Alpha2 agonist | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parental presence[14] | |
5HT3 receptor antagonists IV |
|
Anecdotal reports | |
Guanfacine (potency one-tenth of dexmedetomidine) |
|
ED: emergence delirium; IV: intravenous; TIVA: total intravenous anesthesia; IN: intranasal; PR: by rectum.
* Thiopental is not available in the United States or Canada; limited availability elsewhere.
¶ Tropisetron is not available in the United States or Canada.
Δ These studies were complicated by the presence of pain in the control groups greater than in the block group.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟