Risk factors for development of atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease in childhood

AS: aortic stenosis; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CoA: coarctation of the aorta; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TGA: transposition of the great arteries.

* Family history of premature ASCVD is generally defined as one or more of the following before age 55 years in a male parent or sibling or before age 65 years in a a female parent or sibling:

• Heart attack, treated angina, or interventions for coronary artery disease
• Sudden cardiac death
• Ischemic stroke