Version July 2025
| Clinical definition[1] | |
Any of the following:
| |
| Epidemiologic and research definition[2] | |
| Manifestations | Definitions |
| Either of the following: | |
| P. knowlesi hyperparasitemia | >100,000/microL or >2% of infected red blood cells |
| Jaundice and P. knowlesi parasitemia >15,000/microL | Plasma or serum bilirubin >3 mg/dL (>50 micromol/L) |
| or | |
| One or more of the criteria below occurring in the presence of P. knowlesi parasitemia and in the absence of an alternative cause: | |
| Acute kidney injury | Plasma or serum creatinine >3 mg/dL (>265 micromol/L) |
| Respiratory distress | Oxygen saturation <92% with respiratory rate >30 breaths/minute |
| Shock | Systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg with cool peripheries or impaired capillary refill |
| Severe anemia | Hemoglobin <7 g/dL or hematocrit <20% |
| Significant bleeding | Including recurrent or prolonged bleeding (from the nose, gums, or venipuncture sites), hematemesis, or melena |
| Hypoglycemia | Blood glucose <40 mg/dL (<2.2 mmol/L) |
| Metabolic acidosis | Bicarbonate <15 mmol/L or lactate >5 mmol/L |
