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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : -1 مورد

Life-threatening and common causes of limp in children

Life-threatening and common causes of limp in children
Life-threatening and other emergency conditions
  • Bacterial (septic) arthritis
  • Compartment syndrome
  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip
  • Infections with referred pain to the lower extremities*
  • Malignancy
  • Neurologic conditions with abrupt onset of weakness (eg, Guillain-Barré, myasthenia gravis, tick paralysis)
  • Occult fracture (child abuse)
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Pyomyositis
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  • Spontaneous hemarthrosis (hemophilia)
  • Testicular torsion
  • Vasoocclusive crisis (sickle cell disease)
Common conditions
  • Acute myositis (benign myositis of childhood)
  • Infection such as cellulitis, cutaneous abscess, or perirectal abscess
  • Fracture
  • Lyme arthritis (endemic regions)
  • OsteochondrosisΔ
  • Plantar wart
  • Soft tissue injury◊
  • Traction apophysitis§
  • Transient synovitis
Other conditions
  • Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the hip (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease)
  • Joint hypermobility syndrome
  • Other neuromuscular disease¥
  • Nonmalignant tumors
  • Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritics and other rheumatic diseases
  • Osteochondritis dissecans
  • Other bone conditions‡
  • Other inflammatory arthritis†
  • Somatic syndrome disorder (conversion disorder)
  • Spinal column conditions**
  • Stress fractures

* For example, appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess, discitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, psoas abscess, skeletal tuberculosis, spinal epidural abscess, suppurative iliac fossa adenitis with retroperitoneal iliac fossa abscess, and vertebral body osteomyelitis.

¶ Malignancies that may cause limp include Ewing sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and metastatic neuroblastoma.

Δ Common osteochondroses affect the tarsal navicular (Köhler disease) in children younger than 10 years of age and the second, third, or fourth metatarsal (Freiberg disease or Freiberg infraction) in adolescent females.

◊ Common soft tissue injuries include deep contusions, sprains, strains, foot foreign bodies, insect bite or sting, and foot blisters.

§ Typical sites of traction apophysitis include the tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter disease), calcaneus (Sever disease), lower pole of the patella (Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease), and the base of the fifth metatarsal (Iselin disease).

¥ For example, chronic peripheral neuropathy (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder, spastic paralysis (cerebral palsy), muscular dystrophy, and complex regional pain syndrome.

‡ For example, tarsal coalition, pathologic varus (bow legs), pathologic valgus (knock knees), limb length discrepancy, and torsional deformities (eg, tibial torsion or hip anteversion).

† Examples of inflammatory arthritis include serum sickness and serum sickness-like reactions, reactive arthritis, and immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura).

** Spinal column conditions include spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, closed spinal dysraphism with tethered cord, and disc herniation.

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