Test | Suggested schedule |
Echocardiography | During childhood: At least once annually In adulthood: Every 6 months to 2 years, depending on physiologic stage |
ECG | At least once annually in children and adults |
CMR or cardiac CT* | During childhood: Not typically performed unless there is specific clinical concern for RV dilation and/or RV dysfunction In adolescence and adulthood: Every 1 to 3 years depending on physiologic stage |
Ambulatory ECG monitoring | During childhood: Can be considered every 3 to 4 years or more frequently if there are symptoms or other clinical concerns for arrhythmia In adolescence and adulthood: Every 1 to 2 years for individuals with physiologic stage C or D |
Exercise testing | During childhood: Not typically performed In adolescence and adulthood: Every 1 to 5 years depending on level of clinical concern |
Cardiac catheterization | Not routinely performed (indications include evaluation prior to transcatheter intervention or evaluation for suspected pulmonary hypertension) |
Electrophysiologic study with ventricular stimulation | Not routinely performed (indications include documented VT or multiple risk factors for VT) |
CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; CT: computed tomography; ECG: electrocardiography; RV: right ventricle; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; TOF: tetralogy of Fallot; VT: ventricular tachycardia.
* Cardiac CT may be used if CMR is not feasible. When using cardiac CT, the benefit of routine imaging must be weighed against the risks associated with radiation exposure.