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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : -2 مورد

Physical examination findings that may be helpful in diagnosing a bleeding disorder

Physical examination findings that may be helpful in diagnosing a bleeding disorder
Organ system Finding Implications
Skin and hair Petechiae, especially in dependent areas Suggestive of thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction
Petechiae, purpura, and/or ecchymosis

Common with solar purpura, related to aging

Generally, in bleeding disorders, petechiae and ecchymoses are not raised; raised petechiae or ecchymoses suggest an underlying vasculitis
Telangiectasias, especially around the lips or fingertips May indicate HHT
Hyperelasticity Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Bruises Location may indicate whether deliberately self-inflicted, traumatic, or spontaneous; ages of bruises may suggest a single event versus chronic condition
Hair follicle changes (perifollicular hemorrhages; corkscrew hairs) Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
Albinism Oculocutaneous albinism is associated with certain platelet disorders (Hermansky-Pudlak and Chediak-Higashi syndromes)
Mouth and nose Macroglossia Amyloidosis, with acquired clotting factor deficiencies (factor X, V, VWF, alpha-2-antiplasmin, PAI-1)
Telangiectasias May indicate HHT
Epistaxis Common with many bleeding disorders
Bones and joints Hypermobility Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta
Fractures Osteogenesis imperfecta
Thumb abnormalities Certain platelet function disorders such as TAR
Joint bleeding Clotting factor deficiencies (especially hemophilia A or B)
Liver and spleen Splenomegaly Liver disease with portal hypertension, myeloproliferative neoplasms, lymphoma
Sign of liver disease Clotting factor deficiencies, thrombocytopenia
Heart and lungs Murmur of aortic stenosis Acquired von Willebrand syndrome
Pulmonary AVMs May indicate HHT
Endocrine Findings of hypothyroidism Acquired von Willebrand syndrome
Brain Focal neurologic findings Can be seen with any disorder
Many inherited platelet function disorders (IPFDs) have specific syndromic features; refer to UpToDate for details.
AVMs: arteriovenous malformations; HHT: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; TAR: thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome; VWF: von Willebrand factor.
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