Version July 2025
Progression from early stage (multiple diabetes-related AABs) to stage 3 (clinical T1D) disease according to age (panel A) and baseline glucose tolerance status (panel B).
Panel B shows the proportion of disease-free individuals over time in those with normal glucose tolerance (stage 1 T1D) or dysglycemia (stage 2 T1D) at baseline. Indeterminate only: elevated glucose (≥200 mg/dL [≥11.1 mmol/L]) at any intermediate timepoint during OGTT; IGT only: impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour plasma glucose ≥140 mg/dL [≥7.8 mmol/L]; Combined: all individuals with IGT (or indeterminate) and IFG (usually defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥100 or 110 mg/dL [≥5.6 or 6.2 mmol/L]) at baseline.Panel A: Reprinted with permission from Polly J. Bingley, Diane K. Wherrett, Ann Shultz, Lisa E. Rafkin, Mark A. Atkinson, and Carla J. Greenbaum. Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: A Multifaceted Approach to Bringing Disease-Modifying Therapy to Clinical Use in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018;41(4):653-661, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0806. Copyright 2018 by the American Diabetes Association. Copyright and all rights reserved. Material from this publication has been used with the permission of American Diabetes Association.
Panel B: Reprinted with permission from Richard A. Insel, Jessica L. Dunne, Mark A. Atkinson, Jane L. Chiang, Dana Dabelea, Peter A. Gottlieb, Carla J. Greenbaum; Kevan C. Herold, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Åke Lernmark, Robert E. Ratner, Marian J. Rewers, Desmond A. Schatz, Jay S. Skyler, Jay M. Sosenko, and Anette-G. Ziegler. Staging Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2015;38(10):1964–1974, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1419. Copyright 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Copyright and all rights reserved. Material from this publication has been used with the permission of American Diabetes Association.