Version July 2025
| Most important risk factors |
| Prematurity and low birth weight; the risk is highest among ELBW neonates |
| Exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics |
| Presence of invasive devices (eg, central venous or arterial catheters, endotracheal tubes, urinary catheters) |
| Other reported risk factors |
| Perinatal asphyxia and/or low five-minute Apgar score (<5) |
| Maternal intra-amniotic infection (also called chorioamnionitis) |
| Hemodynamic instability and/or shock |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis |
| Surgery (especially if surgical drains are in place) |
| Parenteral nutrition and/or intralipid infusion |
| Antenatal glucocorticoids |
| Gastric acid suppressing drugs (eg, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors) |
| Skin breakdown |
| High density of Candida colonization and/or multiple sites of colonization |
| Prolonged NICU stay |
| Neutropenia |
