Associated spinal level | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | T1 |
Pattern of injury | Upper brachial plexus (Erb palsy) | ||||
Erb palsy plus | |||||
Lower brachial plexus (Klumpke palsy) | |||||
Total brachial plexus palsy | |||||
Neurologic signs on observation |
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Neurologic findings on examination |
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* Ipsilateral diaphragmatic paralysis from phrenic nerve dysfunction is an uncommon finding that may cause weak cry, poor feeding, asymmetric chest expansion, respiratory distress, vomiting.
¶ Horner syndrome may sometimes occur in the setting of brachial plexus injuries due to disruption of the sympathetic nerve pathway as it courses over the lung apex and adjacent to the C8 to T2 spinal nerve roots.