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General success rates of ECF closure with endoscopic modalities

General success rates of ECF closure with endoscopic modalities
Location of fistula Etiology Endoscopic modality Success rate
Esophagus (tracheo-esophageal, broncho-esophageal, esophagopleural) Malignant (esophageal cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma) FSEMS, PSEMS >90%
FSEMS, SEPS 76 to 83%
Benign (iatrogenic, trauma, infections) Cardiac septal occluders –
Gastric (gastrocutaneous, gastro-gastric, gastroduodenal, gastrocolonic) Post PEG tube removal, post bariatric surgery, malignancy TTSC, OTSC 75 to 89%
Endo-suturing 40 to 80%
Tissue sealants, cardiac septal occluders –
Colonic (colovesical, colovaginal, colocutaneous) Post-surgical, malignancy, Crohn's disease FSEMS 50 to 70%
Tissue sealants, OTSC, endoscopic vacuum therapy –
70 to 90%
ECF: enterocutaneous fistula; FCSEMS: fully covered self-expandable metal stent; OTSC: over-the-scope clip; PCSEMS: partially covered self-expandable metal stent; PEG: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; SEPS: self-expanding plastic stent; TTSC: through-the-scope clip.
From: Bhurwal A, Mutneja H, Tawadross A, Pioppo L, Brahmbhatt B. Gastrointestinal fistula endoscopic closure techniques. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:554. Copyright © 2020 Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology. http://www.annalsgastro.gr/index.php/annalsgastro/article/view/5267 (Accessed on May 10, 2024). Reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License 4.0.
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