Version July 2025
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What are discharge instructions? —
Discharge instructions are information about how to take care of yourself after getting medical care for a health problem.
What is the difference between an anal abscess and an anal fistula? —
An anal abscess is a pus-filled lump around the anus (figure 1). It happens when a gland inside the anus gets infected.
An anal fistula is a tunnel that forms between the anus and the skin (figure 1).
How long it takes for you to recover, and what you need to do, depends on which problem you had and how it was treated.
How do I care for myself at home? —
Ask the doctor or nurse what you should do when you go home. Make sure that you understand exactly what you need to do to care for yourself. Ask questions if there is anything you do not understand.
You should also:
●Take "sitz baths" – This involves soaking the area in 2 or 3 inches of warm water. Do this for about 5 minutes at a time, a few times a day. It helps with muscle spasms and soothes pain.
●Take all of your medicines as instructed. The doctor might order stool softeners, extra fiber, or other medicines to prevent constipation.
●Take non-prescription medicines to relieve pain, such as acetaminophen (sample brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (sample brand names: Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (sample brand name: Aleve). These can be used instead of opioids.
●Use moist cotton pads or moist towelettes rather than toilet tissue. It is normal to see a small amount of blood after a bowel movement.
●Place a cotton ball or dry gauze between your buttocks at the anal opening to catch any drainage. Change this when soiled and after using the toilet.
●Avoid heavy lifting, sports, and swimming for at least 2 weeks. (Your doctor or nurse will tell you exactly how long to avoid these or other activities.)
●Eat foods that have a lot of fiber. Good choices are fruits, vegetables, prune juice, and cereal (table 1).
●Drink plenty of water and other fluids.
What follow-up care do I need? —
The doctor will want to see you again after your procedure to check on your progress. Go to these appointments.
Call for advice if you:
●Have a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, or chills
●Cannot have a bowel movement
●Have more pain in the anal area
●Have a painful bump or swelling near your anus
●Have a large amount of bleeding from your anus (1/2 cup, or 120 mL, of blood)
●Have nausea or vomiting for more than 2 days after going home
Patient education: Anal abscess and fistula (The Basics)
Patient education: How to take a sitz bath (The Basics)
Patient education: High-fiber diet (The Basics)
