Adolescent and adult populations for whom screening for iron deficiency is recommended

Target population	Rationale
Children and adolescents	Increased iron requirements, especially during growth spurt
Athletes	Increased iron losses from sweat and blood loss from GI bleeding
Vegetarians	Decreased iron intake, especially heme iron
Socioeconomically disadvantaged persons	Decreased iron intake
Regular blood donors	Blood loss
Menstruating persons	Blood loss, especially with heavy menstrual bleeding
Pregnant persons	Blood loss and iron transfer to the fetus; potential for fetal, neonatal, and maternal adverse events
Older adults, especially with chronic kidney disease or heart failure	Decreased iron absorption due to chronic inflammation; decreased utility of the MCV as a marker of iron deficiency due to concomitant vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Patients with bleeding disorders (hemophilia, VWD)	Blood loss
Medications (anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet drugs, or proton pump inhibitors)	Blood loss; gastric irritation and GI bleeding with NSAIDs, reduced iron absorption with PPIs
Persons with a history of gastric surgery	Decreased iron absorption
Persons with chronic infections or parasitic infections	Decreased iron absorption due to chronic inflammation; GI blood loss

Iron deficiency can progress to iron deficiency anemia if not identified and treated, including administration of iron and treatment of the underlying cause of the deficiency. Refer to UpToDate for details.

GI: gastrointestinal; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; VWD: von Willebrand disease.

Adapted from: Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Russo R, et al. Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e108.

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Adolescent and adult populations for whom screening for iron deficiency is recommended

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