Impact of trauma on individuals

Emotional	Behavioral	Physical	Developmental	Cognitive	Interpersonal	Spiritual
Difficulty regulating emotions Emotional numbness Depression and anxiety Posttraumatic stress disorder	Substance use Self-destructive behaviors Avoidance of situations, people, and places	Physical symptoms resulting from emotional distress, including headaches, high blood pressure, and fatigue Hyperarousal resulting in muscle tension and insomnia	Impact varies by age group Children and elderly at greatest risk Changes occur in brain development	Impaired short-term memory Decreased focus or concentration Feeling alienated or ashamed Dissociation, depersonalization, and derealization Flashbacks or re-experiences of the event	Withdrawal from family, friends, community Difficulty trusting others	Depression and loneliness can lead to feelings of abandonment and loss of faith Over time can experience increased appreciation of life or enhanced spiritual well-being

Adapted from:

Weisner L. Individual and community trauma: Individual experiences in collective environments. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority 2020.
Spirituality and trauma: Professionals working together. US Department of Veterans Affairs.

Reproduced from: Practical Guide for Implementing a Trauma-Informed Approach. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Publication no. PEP23-06-05-005, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 2023.

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Impact of trauma on individuals