Classification of sports according to contact

Contact	Limited-contact	Noncontact
Basketball Boxing^* Cheerleading Diving Extreme sports^¶ Field hockey Football, tackle Gymnastics Ice hockey^Δ Lacrosse Martial arts^◊ Rodeo Rugby Skiing, downhill racing Ski jumping Snow-boarding Soccer Team handball Ultimate Frisbee Water polo Wrestling	Adventure racing^§ Baseball Bicycling Canoeing or kayaking (white water) Fencing Field events High jump Pole vault Floor hockey Football, flag or touch Handball Horseback riding Martial arts Racquetball Skating Ice In-line Roller Skateboarding Skiing Alpine Cross-country (Nordic) Slalom racing Water Softball Squash Volleyball Weight lifting^¥ Windsurfing or surfing	Badminton Bodybuilding^‡ Bowling Canoeing or kayaking (flat water) Crew or rowing Curling Dance Field events Discus Javelin Shot put Golf Orienteering^† Powerlifting^‡ Race walking Riflery Rope jumping Running Sailing Scuba diving Swimming Table tennis Tennis Track

AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics.

* The AAP opposes participation in boxing or children, adolescents, and young adults.

¶ Extreme sports has been added since the previous statement was published.

Δ The AAP recommends limiting the amount of body checking allowed for hockey players ≤15 years, to reduce injuries.

◊ Martial arts can be subclassified as judo, jujitsu, karate, kung fu, and tae kwon do; some forms are contact sports and others are limited-contact sports.

§ Adventure racing has been added since the previous statement was published and is defines as a combination of ≥2 disciplines, including orienteering and navigation, cross-country running, mountain biking, paddling, and climbing and rope skills.

¥ Some sports medicine experts would classify weight-lifting as a noncontact sport.

‡ The AAP recommends limiting bodybuilding and powerlifting until the adolescent achieves sexual maturity rating 5 (Tanner stage V).

† Orienteering is a race (contest) in which competitors use a map and a compass to find their way through unfamiliar territory.

Used with permission of American Academy of Pediatrics, from: Bernhardt DT, Roberts WO (Eds). General considerations of the history, physical examination, and medical eligibility. In: Preparticipation Physical Evaluation, 5th ed, American Academy of Pediatrics 2019. Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Pediatrics; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Adapted with permission from Rice SG; American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Medical conditions affecting sports participation. Pediatrics. 2008;121(4):841-848.

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Classification of sports according to contact