Version July 2025
| Definition[1] | Comments | |
| Storage symptoms | ||
| Daytime frequency | ||
| ≥8 voids during waking hours | |
| ≤3 voids during waking hours | |
| Incontinence | Uncontrolled leakage of urine (continuous or intermittent) | |
| Nocturia | Awakening to void at night | Common among school-aged children and does not necessarily indicate lower urinary tract dysfunction |
| Urgency* | Sudden and unexpected experience of an immediate need to void | |
| Voiding symptoms | ||
| Dysuria | Burning or discomfort during voiding | |
| Hesitancy* | Difficulty in the initiation of voiding or if a child must wait a considerable amount of time before voiding starts | |
| Intermittent stream | A voiding stream of urine that occurs in several discrete bursts rather than the normal continuous stream | This is a normal physiologic pattern in children 3 years of age or younger |
| Straining* | The application of abdominal pressure (Valsalva maneuver) by the child to initiate and maintain voiding | This may be a pertinent finding in all age groups |
| Weak stream* | Observed ejection of urine with a weak force | |
| Other symptoms | ||
| Holding maneuvers* | Observed behaviors used to postpone voiding or suppress urgency Common maneuvers include standing on tiptoe, forcefully crossing the legs, or squatting with a hand or heel of foot pressed into the perineum | May be associated with bladder overactivity |
| Postmicturition dribbling* | Involuntary urine leakage immediately after completion of voiding | |
