UpToDate خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده:
4
September 2025
| Key features on history or physical examination | Initial imaging | Additional initial studies | |
| Musculoskeletal conditions | |||
| Hip pathology | Primary hip pathology may refer pain to the lower back Pain is exacerbated by internal or external rotation of the hip Hip range of motion may be reduced | Hip radiographs to exclude fracture, in moderate to severe chronic hip pain, or as initial assessment of hip osteoarthritis | None |
| Piriformis syndrome | Gradual-onset buttock pain that increases with sitting Symptoms may mimic sciatica | None | None |
| Sacroiliac joint dysfunction | Pelvic pain or back pain with provocative tests of the sacroiliac region* | None | None |
| Psychologic conditions | History of depression or somatization, or recent traumatic event | None | None |
| Herpes zoster | Dermatomal allodynia followed by an erythematous, vesicular rash | None | Laboratory testing for VZV if the clinical presentation is uncertain |
| Lower extremity peripheral artery disease | Commonly associated with a history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors Pain is primarily in the lower extremities, typically worse with activity and relieved with rest If severe, patients may have pain at rest and associated skin discoloration, nonhealing wounds, or ulceration | None | Resting ABI |
| Intra-abdominal pathologies | Pancreatitis, nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and other abdominal pathologies may present with low back pain Other suggestive, accompanying symptoms are typically present Please refer to related UpToDate content for further information on each condition | CT or MRI based on the condition suggested by accompanying symptoms | |
ABI: ankle-brachial systolic pressure index; CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; VZV: varicella-zoster virus.
* Refer to related UpToDate content for further details regarding examination of the sacroiliac joint, hip, and groin.
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