Version July 2025
Note: For patients with respiratory disease, initiate therapy at the lowest dose (Ref). Gabapentin enacarbil is not interchangeable with other gabapentin products due to differing pharmacokinetic profiles.
Postherpetic neuralgia: Oral: Initial: 600 mg once daily in the morning for 3 days, then increase to 600 mg twice daily; increasing to >1.2 g/day may provide no additional benefit and increase side effects.
Restless legs syndrome: Oral: 300 to 600 mg once daily at ~5:00 pm (Ref).
Discontinuation of therapy: The manufacturer recommends a taper when discontinuing to decrease risk of withdrawal seizure:
Twice-daily administration: Reduce dose to once daily for 1 week prior to discontinuation.
Once-daily administration, dose >600 mg/day: Reduce dose to 600 mg once daily for 1 week.
Once-daily administration, dose ≤600 mg/day: May discontinue without taper.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
Note: Estimation of kidney function for the purpose of drug dosing should be done using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
Postherpetic neuralgia:
CrCl ≥60 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl 30 to 59 mL/minute: Oral: Initial: 300 mg every morning for 3 days, then increase to 300 mg twice daily. May increase to 600 mg twice daily as needed based on tolerability and efficacy. When discontinuing, reduce current dose to once daily in the morning for 1 week.
CrCl 15 to 29 mL/minute: Oral: Initial: 300 mg in the morning on day 1 and on day 3; then increase to 300 mg once daily. May increase to 300 mg twice daily if needed based on tolerability and efficacy. When discontinuing, if current dose is 300 mg twice daily, reduce to 300 mg once daily for 1 week. If current dose is 300 mg once daily, no taper is needed.
CrCl <15 mL/minute (not on hemodialysis): Oral: Initial: 300 mg every other day in the morning; may increase dose to 300 mg once daily if needed based on tolerability and efficacy. When discontinuing, no taper is needed.
CrCl <15 mL/minute on hemodialysis, intermittent (thrice weekly): Dialyzable (~29%): Oral: Initial: 300 mg following every dialysis. May increase to 600 mg following every dialysis if needed based on tolerability and efficacy. When discontinuing, no taper is needed.
Restless legs syndrome:
CrCl ≥60 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl 30 to 59 mL/minute: Oral: Initial: 300 mg once daily; increase to 600 mg once daily as needed.
CrCl 15 to 29 mL/minute: Oral: 300 mg once daily.
CrCl <15 mL/minute (not on hemodialysis): Oral: 300 mg every other day.
CrCl <15 mL/minute on hemodialysis, intermittent (thrice weekly): Use is not recommended.
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer’s labeling.
Initiate therapy at the lowest dose (Ref). Refer to adult dosing. Note: A starting dose of 300 mg once daily for the treatment of restless leg syndrome in patients >65 years of age has been recommended (Ref).
The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified. Percentages reported are for restless leg syndrome (RLS) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults.
>10%: Nervous system: Dizziness (13% to 17%), drowsiness (RLS: ≤20%; PHN: 10%), headache (10% to 12%), sedated state (RLS: ≤20%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Peripheral edema (PHN: 6%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Weight gain (PHN: 3%)
Gastrointestinal: Flatulence (≤3%), increased appetite (≤2%), nausea (6% to 8%), xerostomia (≤3%)
Nervous system: Asthenia (PHN: ≤6%), balance impairment (<2%), confusion (PHN: <2%), depression (PHN: <2%), disorientation (RLS: <2%), fatigue (≤6%), insomnia (PHN: 3%), intoxicated feeling (RLS: <2%), irritability (≤4%), lethargy (RLS: <2%), vertigo (<2%)
Ophthalmic: Blurred vision (≤2%)
Postmarketing:
Dermatologic: Bullous pemphigoid
Endocrine & metabolic: Gynecomastia
Genitourinary: Breast hypertrophy
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Increased creatine phosphokinase in blood specimen
Respiratory: Respiratory depression (FDA Safety Alert, December 19, 2019)
There are no contraindications listed within the manufacturer’s labeling.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• CNS depression: May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities; patients must be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness (eg, operating machinery, driving).
• Multiorgan hypersensitivity: Potentially serious, sometimes fatal multiorgan hypersensitivity (also known as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) has been reported with some antiseizure drugs, including gabapentin. Monitor for signs and symptoms of possible disparate manifestations associated with lymphatic, hepatic, renal, cardiac, and/or hematologic systems; fever, rash, and eosinophilia may also be present. Discontinue immediately if suspected.
• Respiratory effects: Serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression may occur in patients taking gabapentin enacarbil; risk may be increased with conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in older adults, and with the concomitant use of opioids and other CNS depressants. Initiate at the lowest dose and monitor patients for symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation in patients with underlying respiratory disease (FDA 2019; Mattson 2022).
• Suicidal ideation: Pooled analysis of trials involving gabapentin and other antiseizure medications (regardless of indication) showed an increased risk of suicidal thoughts/behavior (incidence rate: 0.43% treated patients compared to 0.24% of patients receiving placebo); risk observed as early as 1 week after initiation and continued through duration of trials (most trials ≤24 weeks). Gabapentin enacarbil is a prodrug of gabapentin and may also increase patient's risk. Monitor all patients for notable changes in behavior that might indicate suicidal thoughts or depression; notify health care provider immediately if symptoms occur.
Disease-related concerns:
• Bariatric surgery: Presurgical assessment of the indication for use, symptoms, and goals of therapy should be documented to enable postsurgical assessment. No data evaluating gabapentin enacarbil post bariatric surgery is available. A case series of gabapentin demonstrated altered gabapentin exposure post bariatric surgery (Wallerstedt 2021); it is unclear if these results can be extrapolated to gabapentin enacarbil. Monitor for continued efficacy after bariatric surgery and consider switching to an alternate medication if symptoms worsen.
• Myasthenia gravis: Use with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis; may exacerbate condition (Mehrizi 2012).
• Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; dose adjustment is needed.
• Respiratory disease: Gabapentin enacarbil may cause respiratory depression; use caution and initiate with the lowest recommended dose in patients with respiratory compromise (FDA 2019).
Special populations:
• Older adults: Gabapentin may cause respiratory depression; use caution and initiate with the lowest recommended dose in older adults (FDA 2019).
Other warnings/precautions:
• Appropriate use: Restless legs syndrome: Not recommended for use in patients who are required to sleep during the day and remain awake during the night.
• Discontinuation of therapy: To avoid the potential for withdrawal seizure, dose reduction is recommended for patients with postherpetic neuralgia receiving twice daily doses or patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) receiving daily doses >600 mg (daily doses of ≤600 mg can be discontinued without tapering in patients with RLS).
• Product interchangeability: Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant) and other gabapentin products are not interchangeable due to differences in formulation, indications, and pharmacokinetics.
• Tumorigenic potential: Rat studies demonstrated an association with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (clinical implication unknown).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet Extended Release, Oral:
Horizant: 300 mg, 600 mg
No
Tablet, controlled release (Horizant Oral)
300 mg (per each): $22.48
600 mg (per each): $22.48
Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.
Oral: Tablet should be swallowed whole; do not break, chew, cut, or crush. Administer with food.
Restless legs syndrome: Administer at ~5:00 pm daily.
Bariatric surgery: Gabapentin enacarbil is available in an ER formulation and the release characteristics may be significantly altered in an unknown manner in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery; providers should determine if the condition being treated can be safely monitored or if a switch to an alternate medication is necessary (Ref).
An FDA-approved patient medication guide, which is available with the product information and at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/022399s010lbl.pdf#page=27, must be dispensed with this medication.
Postherpetic neuralgia: Management of postherpetic neuralgia.
Restless legs syndrome: Treatment of moderate to severe restless legs syndrome.
Gabapentin enacarbil may be confused with gabapentin, gemfibrozil
Substrate of OCT2;
Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.
Acrivastine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Alcohol (Ethyl): May increase CNS depressant effects of Gabapentin Enacarbil. Alcohol (Ethyl) may increase absorption of Gabapentin Enacarbil. Specifically, the rate of absorption may be enhanced, as alcohol may speed the release of drug from the extended-release tablet. Risk X: Avoid
Alizapride: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Amisulpride (Oral): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Articaine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider reducing the dose of articaine if possible when used in patients who are also receiving CNS depressants. Monitor for excessive CNS depressant effects with any combined use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Azelastine (Nasal): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid
Benperidol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Blonanserin: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Blonanserin. Management: Use caution if coadministering blonanserin and CNS depressants; dose reduction of the other CNS depressant may be required. Strong CNS depressants should not be coadministered with blonanserin. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Brexanolone: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Brexanolone. Risk C: Monitor
Brimonidine (Topical): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Bromopride: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Bromperidol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid
Buclizine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Buprenorphine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Buprenorphine. Management: Consider reduced doses of other CNS depressants, and avoiding such drugs in patients at high risk of buprenorphine overuse/self-injection. Initiate buprenorphine at lower doses in patients already receiving CNS depressants. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
BusPIRone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor
Cetirizine (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider avoiding this combination if possible. If required, monitor for excessive sedation or CNS depression, limit the dose and duration of combination therapy, and consider CNS depressant dose reductions. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Chloral Hydrate/Chloral Betaine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Chloral Hydrate/Chloral Betaine. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of chloral hydrate or chloral betaine and additional CNS depressants. If combined, consider a dose reduction of either agent and monitor closely for enhanced CNS depressive effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Chlormethiazole: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Monitor closely for evidence of excessive CNS depression. The chlormethiazole labeling states that an appropriately reduced dose should be used if such a combination must be used. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Chlorphenesin Carbamate: May increase adverse/toxic effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
CNS Depressants: May increase adverse/toxic effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Dantrolene: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Daridorexant: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Dose reduction of daridorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of daridorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of daridorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
DexmedeTOMIDine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of DexmedeTOMIDine. Management: Monitor for increased CNS depression during coadministration of dexmedetomidine and CNS depressants, and consider dose reductions of either agent to avoid excessive CNS depression. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Difelikefalin: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Difenoxin: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Dihydralazine: CNS Depressants may increase hypotensive effects of Dihydralazine. Risk C: Monitor
Dimethindene (Topical): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Dothiepin: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Doxylamine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Doxylamine. Risk C: Monitor
DroPERidol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider dose reductions of droperidol or of other CNS agents (eg, opioids, barbiturates) with concomitant use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Emedastine (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider avoiding this combination if possible. If required, monitor for excessive sedation or CNS depression, limit the dose and duration of combination therapy, and consider CNS depressant dose reductions. Risk C: Monitor
Entacapone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Esketamine (Nasal): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Flunarizine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Flunarizine. Risk X: Avoid
Flunitrazepam: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Flunitrazepam. Management: Reduce the dose of CNS depressants when combined with flunitrazepam and monitor patients for evidence of CNS depression (eg, sedation, respiratory depression). Use non-CNS depressant alternatives when available. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
HydrOXYzine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider a decrease in the CNS depressant dose, as appropriate, when used together with hydroxyzine. Increase monitoring of signs/symptoms of CNS depression in any patient receiving hydroxyzine together with another CNS depressant. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Ixabepilone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Kava Kava: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Ketotifen (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Kratom: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid
Lemborexant: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Dosage adjustments of lemborexant and of concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary when administered together because of potentially additive CNS depressant effects. Close monitoring for CNS depressant effects is necessary. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Levocetirizine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Lisuride: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Lofepramine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Lofexidine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Loxapine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Loxapine. Management: Consider reducing the dose of CNS depressants administered concomitantly with loxapine due to an increased risk of respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension, and syncope. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Magnesium Sulfate: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Melitracen [INT]: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Mequitazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Metergoline: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Methotrimeprazine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Methotrimeprazine. Methotrimeprazine may increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Reduce the usual dose of CNS depressants by 50% if starting methotrimeprazine until the dose of methotrimeprazine is stable. Monitor patient closely for evidence of CNS depression. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Methoxyflurane: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Metoclopramide: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
MetyroSINE: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of MetyroSINE. Risk C: Monitor
Minocycline (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Moxonidine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Nabilone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid
Nalfurafine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Noscapine: CNS Depressants may increase adverse/toxic effects of Noscapine. Risk X: Avoid
Olopatadine (Nasal): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid
Opicapone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Opioid Agonists: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Opioid Agonists. Management: Avoid concomitant use of opioid agonists and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants when possible. These agents should only be combined if alternative treatment options are inadequate. If combined, limit the dosages and duration of each drug. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Opipramol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Orphenadrine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Orphenadrine. Risk X: Avoid
Oxomemazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid
Oxybate Salt Products: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Oxybate Salt Products. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. If combined, dose reduction or discontinuation of one or more CNS depressants (including the oxybate salt product) should be considered. Interrupt oxybate salt treatment during short-term opioid use Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
OxyCODONE: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of OxyCODONE. Management: Avoid concomitant use of oxycodone and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants when possible. These agents should only be combined if alternative treatment options are inadequate. If combined, limit the dosages and duration of each drug. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Paliperidone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Paraldehyde: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Paraldehyde. Risk X: Avoid
Perampanel: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Periciazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Pipamperone: May increase adverse/toxic effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Piribedil: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Piribedil. Risk C: Monitor
Pizotifen: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Pramipexole: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of Pramipexole. Risk C: Monitor
Procarbazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Rilmenidine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: CNS Depressants may increase adverse/toxic effects of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b. Specifically, the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects may be increased. Management: Avoid coadministration of ropeginterferon alfa-2b and other CNS depressants. If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor patients for neuropsychiatric adverse effects (eg, depression, suicidal ideation, aggression, mania). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
ROPINIRole: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of ROPINIRole. Risk C: Monitor
Rotigotine: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of Rotigotine. Risk C: Monitor
Suvorexant: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Suvorexant. Management: Dose reduction of suvorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of suvorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of suvorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Thalidomide: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Thalidomide. Risk X: Avoid
Trimeprazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Valerian: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor
Zolpidem: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Zolpidem. Management: Reduce the Intermezzo brand sublingual zolpidem adult dose to 1.75 mg for men who are also receiving other CNS depressants. No such dose change is recommended for women. Avoid use with other CNS depressants at bedtime; avoid use with alcohol. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Zuranolone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of zuranolone with other CNS depressants or alcohol. If combined, consider a zuranolone dose reduction and monitor patients closely for increased CNS depressant effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Ethanol may cause rapid release of gabapentin enacarbil from the extended release tablet. Management: Avoid ethanol.
Gabapentin enacarbil is the prodrug of gabapentin; bioavailability following gabapentin enacarbil is increased in comparison to gabapentin (Backonja 2011). Current guidelines note there is insufficient evidence to recommend gabapentin enacarbil in pregnant women for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (Picchietti 2015); use should be avoided (Garcia-Borreguero 2016).
Refer to Gabapentin monograph for information related to gabapentin exposure during pregnancy.
It is not known if gabapentin is present in breast milk following maternal use of gabapentin enacarbil; however, gabapentin is present in breast milk following administration of other dosage forms.
According to the manufacturer, the decision to breastfeed during therapy should consider the risk of infant exposure, the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant, and the benefits of treatment to the mother. Current guidelines note there is insufficient evidence to recommend gabapentin enacarbil in breastfeeding women for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (Picchietti 2015).
Refer to Gabapentin monograph for additional information related to gabapentin exposure in breastfeeding women.
Take with food.
Renal function (baseline and as clinically indicated); suicidality (eg, suicidal thoughts, depression, behavioral changes)
Gabapentin enacarbil is a prodrug of gabapentin. Gabapentin is structurally related to GABA. However, it does not bind to GABAA or GABAB receptors, and it does not appear to influence degradation or uptake of GABA. High affinity gabapentin binding sites have been located throughout the brain; these sites correspond to the presence of voltage-gated calcium channels specifically possessing the alpha-2-delta-1 subunit. This channel appears to be located presynaptically, and may modulate the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. These effects on restless legs syndrome are unknown.
Absorption: Mediated by active transport via proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter, MCT-1
Distribution: Vd: 76 L
Protein binding: <3%
Bioavailability: With food: ~75%; Fasting: 42% to 65%
Metabolism: Prodrug hydrolyzed primarily in the intestines to gabapentin (active metabolite)
Time to peak, plasma: With food: 7.3 hours; Fasting: 5 hours
Half-life elimination: 5-6 hours
Excretion: Urine (94%); feces (5%)
Altered kidney function: In moderate and severe renal impairment, clearance was decreased to 3 and 1 L/hour, respectively, compared with 5-7 L/hour in nonrenal impairment patients.
