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Patient education: Pilonidal cyst (The Basics)

Patient education: Pilonidal cyst (The Basics)

What is pilonidal cyst? — A pilonidal cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms just above the crease where the buttocks come together (figure 1). This cyst can become red, inflamed, and infected. It can also cause pain and make it uncomfortable to sit or lie back. Pilonidal cysts are thought to be related to hair in the area.

What are the symptoms of pilonidal cyst? — If the cyst is not infected, it might not cause symptoms. But if the cyst is infected, it can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the area above the crease where the buttocks come together. In some cases, the cyst might burst and drain fluid, blood, or pus (a milky yellow or green fluid).

Should I see a doctor or nurse? — Yes. If you have symptoms of a pilonidal cyst, you should see a doctor or nurse. They can do an exam and let you know what might be causing your symptoms.

How is a pilonidal cyst treated? — If you have a pilonidal cyst without any symptoms, it probably does not need treatment. If the cyst is causing symptoms, treatment usually involves either draining the cyst or removing it with surgery.

Draining a cyst can usually be done at the doctor's office. To drain a cyst, a doctor or nurse will first numb the area. Then they can cut open the cyst, drain it, and wash it out. In some cases, the doctor or nurse might also pack the empty cyst with gauze, or leave a drain in place. After the cut has healed, you should regularly remove the hair from the area. You can do this by shaving carefully or using a hair removal product such as Nair. This might help prevent the pilonidal cyst from causing symptoms again.

Removing a cyst involves surgery, so it is done in an operating room at the hospital. Right before the surgery, you will either get a shot to numb the area, or a shot to numb the area plus some medicine to make you drowsy. You can usually go home the same day. The wound might be closed or left open. You will need to see your doctor regularly after surgery to check how the area is healing.

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This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Feb 02, 2024.
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