The role of GLP-1 and GIP in glucose homeostasis

	GLP-1	GIP
Site of synthesis	Small intestinal L cells	Small intestinal K cells
Glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion	Yes	Yes
Reduction of gastric emptying	Yes	No effect
Reduction of inappropriate glucagon secretion	During euglycemia or hypoglycemia: No effect During hyperglycemia: Suppresses glucagon	During euglycemia or hypoglycemia: Stimulates glucagon During hyperglycemia: No effect
Weight loss	Yes	Yes

GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (formerly called gastric inhibitory polypeptide); GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1.

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