Version July 2025
| Site of lesion | Associated tumors | Clinical findings |
| Anterior parts | Carcinoma invasive from frontal and ethmoid sinuses; meningioma | Unilateral anosmia, frontal lobe syndrome, seizures |
| Superior orbital fissure | Meningioma, carcinoma of nasopharynx | III, IV, V, VI cranial nerve lesions with ophthalmoplegia; pain and hypesthesia in distribution of V |
| Cavernous sinus | Chordoma, chondrosarcoma, meningioma, sellar, and parasellar tumors | III, IV, VI, and sometimes V nerve involvement with ophthalmoplegia |
| Apex of the petrous temporal bone | Cholesteatoma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, meningioma, neurinoma | V and VI nerve involvement with sensory and motor findings and diplopia |
| Sphenoid and petrous bone | Meningioma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, metastasis | III, IV, VI nerve lesions result in ophthalmoplegia; V may be associated with trigeminal neuralgia syndrome |
| Jugular foramen | Glomus jugulare tumor, neurinoma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, cholesteatoma, meningioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma | IX, X, XI nerves producing difficulty with swallowing, speaking, and weakness of strap muscles of neck |
| Cerebellopontine angle | Neurinoma, meningioma, cholesteatoma, metastasis, cerebellar tumors | VIII nerve lesions causing loss of hearing, vertigo, and nystagmus; cerebellar lesions producing ataxia of limbs and gait; V, VII, and occasionally IX and XII nerve lesions; brainstem symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure |
