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Differential diagnosis of B cell prolymphocytic leukemia

Differential diagnosis of B cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Entity Histology Immunophenotype Genetic features/Other
B cell prolymphocytic leukemia

>55 percent (and usually >90 percent) of circulating white cells are "prolymphocytes": medium-sized cells with moderately abundant, slightly basophilic cytoplasm; a round or oval nucleus with moderately condensed chromatin; and a single, prominent nucleolus.

The bone marrow is infiltrated in an interstitial or nodular pattern by similar cells.

Express bright surface IgM +/- IgD and bright CD20 as well as other B-cell antigens (CD19, CD22, CD79a, FMC7).

CD5 and CD23 expression is usually weak or absent. CD11c, CD103, CD10, CD25, and cyclin D1 are not expressed.

t(11;14) must be excluded.

No associated paraproteinemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small lymphocytic lymphoma

"Typical" CLL cells are small mature appearing lymphocytes with a dense nucleus, partially aggregated chromatin, no discernible nucleoli, and a narrow border of clear to slightly basophilic cytoplasm.

"Prolymphocytes" may be present, but are <55 percent of circulating cells.

Typically express CD5 and CD23. Expression of CD20 and surface immunoglobulin is dim. Trisomy 12, deletions of 6q, 11q, 13q, and 17p
T cell prolymphocytic leukemia Similar morphologic appearance to B-PLL. Expresses pan-T cell antigens (CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7). inv(14q)
Mantle cell lymphoma Can have a leukemic phase that mimics B-PLL morphologically.

Typically CD20 and CD5 positive and CD23 negative.

Express cyclin D1.

t(11;14)
Follicular lymphoma Circulating centrocytes have highly irregular or cleaved nuclear contours. Typically expresses CD10. t(14;18)
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma Occasionally associated with circulating malignant cells with a plasmacytoid appearance.   Often associated with a paraproteinemia.
Hairy cell leukemia variant Circulating tumor cells with morphology intermediate between hairy cells and prolymphocytes. Express CD103 and CD11c. Associated with mutations in MAP2K1 
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