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Method for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions (RUCAM) (CIOMS)

Method for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions (RUCAM) (CIOMS)
  Hepatocellular Cholestatic or mixed
Exposure Initial Subsequent Points Initial Subsequent Points
Time from drug start (days)

5 to 90

<5 or >90

1 to 15

>15

+2

+1

5 to 90

<5 or >90

1 to 90

>90

+2

+1
Time from drug stop (days) ≤15 ≤15 +1 ≤30 ≤30 +1
  Difference between peak ALT and ULN Difference between peak AP (or bilirubin) and ULN
Course after stopping drug Decrease ≥50 percent in 8 days +3 Decrease ≥50 percent in <180 days +2
Decrease ≥50 percent in 30 days +2 Decrease <50 percent in <180 days +1
Decrease ≥50 percent in >30 days 0 Persistence or increase or no information 0
Decrease <50 percent in >30 days -2    
Risk factor Ethanol: yes +1 Ethanol or pregnancy: yes +1
Ethanol: no 0 Ethanol or pregnancy: no 0
Age ≥55 years +1 ≥55 years +1
<55 years 0 <55 years 0
Other drugs None or no information 0 None or no information 0
Drug with suggestive timing -1 Drug with suggestive timing -1
Known hepatotoxin with suggestive timing -2 Known hepatotoxin with suggestive timing -2
Drug with other evidence for a role (eg, + rechallenge) -3 Drug with other evidence for a role (eg, + rechallenge) -3
Competing causes All group I* & II ruled out +2 All group I* & II ruled out +2
All of group I ruled out +1 All of group I ruled out +1
4 to 5 of group I ruled out 0 4 to 5 of group I ruled out 0
<4 of group I ruled out -2 <4 of group I ruled out -2
Nondrug cause highly probable -3 Nondrug cause highly probable -3
Previous information Reaction in product label +2 Reaction in product label +2
Reaction published; no label +1 Reaction published; no label +1
Reaction unknown 0 Reaction unknown 0
Rechallenge Positive +3 Positive +3
Compatible +1 Compatible +1
Negative -1 Negative -1
Not done or not interpretable 0 Not done or not interpretable 0
If incompatible, then case "unrelated."
If information not available, then case "insufficiently documented."
Scoring:
≤0: Relationship with the drug excluded
1 to 2: Unlikely
3 to 5: Possible
6 to 8: Probable
>8: Highly probable
RUCAM: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ULN: upper limit of normal; HAV: hepatitis A virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; CMV: cytomegalovirus; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus.
* Group I: HAV, HBV, HCV (acute), biliary obstruction, alcoholism, recent hypotension (shock liver).
¶ Group II: CMV, EBV, herpes virus infection.
Modified with permission from: Hayashi PH. Causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury. Semin Liver Dis 2009; 29:348. Copyright © 2009 Thieme Publishers.
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