Category | Definition |
Suspected | An infant who does not meet the criteria for a probable or confirmed case (as defined below) but who has ≥1 of the following clinical findings of CRS:
|
Probable | Either |
An infant who does not have laboratory evidence of CRI (as defined below) but has ≥2 of the following clinical findings, without a more plausible etiology:
| |
OR | |
An infant who does not have laboratory evidence of CRI (as defined below) but has ≥1 of the following clinical findings, without a more plausible etiology:
Plus ≥1 of the following clinical findings:
| |
Confirmed | An infant with both:
Plus
|
Infection only | An infant without any clinical findings of CRS (listed above) but with laboratory evidence of CRI (as defined above)Δ |
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CRI: congenital rubella infection; CRS: congenital rubella syndrome; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PPS: peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis.
* In probable cases, if the infant has both eye-related findings (cataracts and congenital glaucoma), they should be considered as a single finding.
¶ Infants with clinical findings of CRS who test negative soon after birth should be retested later in infancy. Approximately 20% of infected infants tested for rubella IgM may not have detectable titers before age one month.
Δ In cases classified as infection only, if any compatible clinical finding (eg, hearing loss) is identified later, the case is reclassified as confirmed.