UpToDate خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده:
4
September 2025
| Symptoms suggesting GERD |
| Discomfort or irritability (if this is the only symptom in an infant, it is unlikely to be due to GERD) |
| Heartburn, chest pain, or epigastric abdominal pain |
| Recurrent hematemesis |
| Acid brash, regurgitation (often triggered by recumbent position, food, activity, or anxiety), or "wet burps" |
| Nocturnal cough |
| Chronic sore throat |
| Rapid relief of symptoms when taking antacids or acid-suppressing medications |
| Dystonic posturing (Sandifer syndrome) |
| Wheezing, stridor, or hoarseness |
| Symptoms increase after large meals |
| Constipation |
| Signs suggesting GERD |
| Erosion of tooth enamel, mainly on the palatal aspects of the maxillary teeth |
| Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia |
| Esophagitis, esophageal stricture, or Barrett's esophagus on diagnostic testing |
| BRUE |
| Asthma |
| Recurrent aspiration pneumonia |
| Recurrent otitis media |
| Symptoms less commonly attributable to GERD |
| Dysphagia or odynophagia* |
| Failure to thrive or weight loss |
| Feeding refusal/aversion¶ |
| School absences |
| Anxiety/depression |
| Marijuana use (heavy, daily use may be associated with hyperemesis) |
BRUE: brief resolved unexplained event; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease.
* Patients with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) or odynophagia (pain with swallowing) usually should undergo a specific evaluation, as described in the topic text. In adolescents, odynophagia is often associated with pill esophagitis or caused by a Candida or viral infection of the esophagus.
¶ Food aversion may be associated with GERD in toddlers or eosinophilic esophagitis in young children. Psychosocial stressors should also be considered.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
