Clinical factors that have been associated with an increased risk of developing preeclampsia

Nulliparity

Preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy

Age >40 years or <18 years

Family history of preeclampsia

Chronic hypertension

Chronic kidney disease

Autoimmune disease (eg, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus)

Vascular disease

Diabetes mellitus (pregestational and gestational)

Multifetal gestation

Obesity

Minority racial or ethnic group or otherwise disadvantaged

Hydrops fetalis

Poorly controlled hyperthyroidism

Patient themself was small for gestational age

Fetal growth restriction, abruption, or fetal demise in a previous pregnancy

Prolonged interpregnancy interval if the previous pregnancy was normotensive; if the previous pregnancy was preeclamptic, a short interpregnancy interval increases the risk of recurrence

Male partner-related factors (new male partner, limited sperm exposure [eg, previous use of barrier contraception])

In vitro fertilization

Sleep disordered breathing

Elevated blood lead level

Posttraumatic stress disorder

By comparison, smoking decreases the risk of preeclampsia, and Asian females and Hispanic females have a lower risk of preeclampsia than White females and a much lower risk than Black females.

Graphic 61266 Version 16.0

خرید پکیج

Clinical factors that have been associated with an increased risk of developing preeclampsia