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Medications that interfere with the effect of warfarin

Medications that interfere with the effect of warfarin
May increase INR
Acetaminophen
Allopurinol
Amiodarone
Androgens
  • Methyltestosterone
  • Oxandrolone
  • Testosterone
Antibiotics
  • Cephalosporins
  • Doxycycline
  • Fluoroquinolones
    • Ciprofloxacin
    • Levofloxacin
    • Moxifloxacin
    • Norfloxacin
  • Macrolides
    • Azithromycin
    • Clarithromycin
    • Erythromycin
  • Metronidazole
  • Penicillins (exceptions: dicloxacillin and nafcillin may decrease the INR)
    • Amoxicillin
    • Amoxicillin-clavulanate
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Azole antifungals*
  • Fluconazole
  • Miconazole (oral)
  • Voriconazole
Cancer therapies
  • Capecitabine
  • Fluorouracil (5-FU)
  • Imatinib
  • Tamoxifen
Cholesterol-lowering agents (exception: cholestyramine may decrease the INR)
  • Fenofibrate
  • Fluvastatin
  • Gemfibrozil
  • Lovastatin
  • Rosuvastatin
  • Simvastatin
Cimetidine
Glucocorticoids
  • Methylprednisolone
  • Prednisone
Omeprazole (case reports with other proton pump inhibitors)
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Duloxetine
  • Fluoxetine
  • Fluvoxamine
  • Venlafaxine
Sitaxentan (not available in United States)
Tramadol
May decrease INR
Antibiotics
  • Dicloxacillin
  • Griseofulvin
  • Nafcillin
  • Rifampin
Azathioprine
Cholestyramine
Enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications
  • Carbamazepine
  • Phenobarbital
  • Phenytoin (mixed effects described)
Ritonavir
Saint John's wort
Sucralfate
Vitamin K
This is a partial list of medications that may increase or decrease warfarin effect on the INR. The patient's medications should be analyzed closely for drug interactions with warfarin, especially when initiating or altering therapy. The effect of a drug interaction can be unpredictable; thus, individuals receiving interacting medications are likely to require increased INR monitoring. Additional medications may increase bleeding risk independent of (or in addition to) effects on the INR (eg, NSAIDs, antiplatelet medications). Refer to UpToDate for additional details. Drug interactions may be evaluated using the Lexi-interact program included with UpToDate.

INR: international normalized ratio; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

* A more moderate effect on INR control may also be seen with posaconazole and itraconazole.

¶ In addition to potentially increasing the INR, serotonin reuptake inhibitors may also increase bleeding risk by inhibiting platelet reuptake of serotonin.
References:
  1. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke L. Interaction of warfarin with drugs, natural substances, and foods. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45:127.
  2. Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt D, et al. Evidenced-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed. Chest 2012; 141:e152S.
  3. Hazlewood KA, Fugate SE, Harrison DL. Effect of oral corticosteroids on chronic warfarin therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2006; 40:2101.
  4. Lexi-Interact. Copyright © 1978-2024 Lexicomp, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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