Version June 2024
| Definitions of impairment |
| • "A loss, loss of use or derangement of any body part, organ system or organ function."[1] |
| • "A significant deviation, loss, or loss of use of any body structure or body function in an individual with a health condition, disorder or disease."[2] |
| • "Results from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which can be shown by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques. A physical or mental impairment must be established by medical evidence consisting of signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings - not only by the individual's statement of symptoms." For an impairment to be considered "severe" by Social Security, it must only cause more than a mild limitation on the ability to function and work.[3] |
| • "[A]ny physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological, musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, genitourinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine."[4] |
| • "[A]ny mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities." Neither the statute nor the regulation lists all diseases or conditions that make up "physical or mental impairments," because it would be impossible to provide a comprehensive list, given the variety and expanding number of possible impairments. For example, a person suffering from general "stress" because of job or personal life pressures would not be considered to have an impairment. However, if this person is diagnosed by a psychiatrist as having an identifiable stress disorder, they would have an impairment that may be a disability.[4] |
| • "A problem in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss." "Body functions are the physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions). Body structures are anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components."[5] |
| Definitions of disability |
| • "An alteration of an individual's capacity to meet personal, social or occupational demands or statutory or regulatory requirements because of an impairment."[1] |
| • "Activity limitations and/or participation restrictions in an individual with a health condition disorder or disease."[2] |
| • "The inability to engage in any substantial, gainful activity (SGA) by reason of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment(s), which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months."[3] |
| • A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits 1 or more major life activities; has a record of such an impairment; or is regarded as having such an impairment.[4] |
| • A restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. The ICF identifies 3 components of disability: |
| - Impairments - Problems in body function or structure |
| - Activity - Execution of a task or action |
| - Participation - Involvement in a life situation |
| WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)[5] |
| • The Institute of Medicine, in evaluating the definition of disability, notes that it is "complex, with medical, functional, and vocational components." A complete and comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the definition would require a detailed clinical evaluation of the underlying medical cause(s) for the impairment; analysis of the expected duration of the impairment (prognosis); a comprehensive assessment of the work-related functional limitations attributable to the impairment, the individual's remaining functional capacity; a detailed vocational analysis of the individual's work history and acquired work skills, educational background, and age; and a thorough analysis of the individual's current vocational prospects.[5] |
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