Typical laboratory findings in osteoporosis and various causes of osteomalacia^*

Disorder	Serum phosphate	Serum calcium	Serum alkaline phosphatase	Parathyroid hormone	25-hydroxyvitamin D^¶	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency	↓ or N	↓ or N	N or ↑	N or ↑	↓↓	N or ↑ or ↓
Conditions associated with urinary phosphate wasting	↓↓	N	N or ↑	N^Δ	N or ↓	N or ↑ or ↓
Proximal renal tubular acidosis^◊	↓	N	N	N or ↑	N or ↓	N
Hypophosphatasia	N or ↑	N or ↑	↓	N	N or ↓	N
Osteogenesis imperfect^§ and axial osteomalacia	N	N	N or ↑	N	N or ↓	N
Osteoporosis	N	N	N	N	N or ↓	N
Chronic kidney disease	N or ↑	N or ↑ or ↓	N or ↑	↑	N or ↓	↓
Mineralization inhibitors	N	N	↑	N	N or ↓	N

N: normal; ↓: reduced; ↓↓: very reduced; ↑: elevated.

* This table depicts typical laboratory findings; however, variable findings may be evident in individuals with these disorders.

¶ Vitamin D deficiency is common and may be present in osteomalacia of any etiology or in osteoporosis.

Δ Parathyroid hormone may be mildly elevated in some disorders of renal phosphate wasting. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in X-linked hypophosphatemia, which can have a subtle presentation and remain undiagnosed until adulthood.

◊ Proximal (type 2) renal tubular acidosis may occur in isolation or in the setting of generalized proximal tubular dysfunction/Fanconi syndrome.

§ In type II osteogenesis imperfecta, serum alkaline phosphatase may be low.

Graphic 65400 Version 5.0

خرید پکیج

Typical laboratory findings in osteoporosis and various causes of osteomalacia*

Typical laboratory findings in osteoporosis and various causes of osteomalacia^*