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Strategies to enhance resilience and success in children and adolescents with learning disorders

Strategies to enhance resilience and success in children and adolescents with learning disorders
Exhibit belief in the child's or adolescent's positive attributes
Find words to describe the attributes of the child or adolescent in positive terms
Identify the child's or adolescent's areas of strength and highlight those skills and their contribution to the family's well-being[1]
Accept the unique pattern of the child's or adolescent's strengths and weaknesses
Emphasize effort rather than achievement
Emphasize the value of education
Establish realistic expectations
Praise success and avoid frustration by matching tasks to the child's or adolescent's level of functioning and interests
Align expectations with child's or adolescent's capabilities, considering personal temperament, moral development, and learning style
Communicate realistic expectations and celebrate effort to achieve a skill or goal
Prepare the child or adolescent for new situations to ensure success
Match expectations to child's or adolescent's temperament
Teach socially acceptable methods of requesting information or stating personal desires
Recognize the individual's unique learning style
Monitor books that the child chooses to read independently to prevent undue frustration; helping the child to choose books at his or her "independent" reading level (99% accuracy); reading the age-appropriate books that are beyond the child's independent reading level aloud to the child[2]
Use many senses to assist a child to learn information
Provide the child or adolescent with the opportunity to assume responsibility
Encourage independence (in situations where the child or adolescent is likely to be successful) to enhance self-esteem
Give the individual household and personal tasks that are within the ability of the individual
Permit the individual to experience the management of money, considering age and ability to self-regulate
Assist children and adolescents to manage their modes of transportation independently, as appropriate for age and level of self-regulation
Encourage decision-making
Improve social skills and provide opportunities for successful social interaction
Keep children abreast of current events
Involve children in community service
Encourage activities of interest rather than age outside of home and school
Avoid intensive competition
Be consistent about rules and limits
Keep rules to a minimum
Seek to educate and negotiate rather than dictate
Apply logical consequences
Use positive reinforcement
Use rewards only when needed
Reward effort and initiative, as well as achievement
Enhance family dynamics
Permit parents to provide support for each other as they navigate educational decisions, school communication, advocate for their child, and make social decisions
Use a team approach to parenting, including shared responsibility for decision-making and child management[2]
Give siblings adequate time and attention
Listen to feelings
  • Look for outside support when necessary
  • Parent support groups
  • Individual, marriage, and family counseling
Adapted from: Smith C, Strick L. Strategies for Promoting Personal Success. In: Learning Disabilities: A to Z: A parent's complete guide to learning disabilities from preschool to adulthood, The Free Press, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York 1997. p.257.
  1. Lock RH, Janas M. Build Resiliency. Intervention in School & Clinic 2002; 38:117.
  2. Lerner J. Learning Disabilities: Theories, Diagnosis, and Teaching Strategies, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston 2000.
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