Version May 2024
| Medication class | Frequency of prolactin elevation* | Mechanism |
| Antipsychotics, first generation | ||
| Chlorpromazine | Moderate | Dopamine D2 receptor blockade within hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular system. |
| Fluphenazine | High | |
| Haloperidol | High | |
| Loxapine | Moderate | |
| Perphenazine | Moderate | |
| Pimozide | Moderate | |
| Thiothixene | Moderate | |
| Trifluoperazine | Moderate | |
| Antipsychotics, second generation | ||
| Aripiprazole | None or low | Dopamine D2 receptor blockade. |
| Asenapine | Moderate | |
| Clozapine | None or low | |
| Iloperidone | None or low | |
| Lurasidone | None or low | |
| Olanzapine | Low | |
| Paliperidone | High | |
| Quetiapine | None or low | |
| Risperidone | High | |
| Ziprasidone | Low | |
| Antidepressants, cyclic | ||
| Amitriptyline | Low | Not well understood. Possibly by GABA stimulation and indirect modulation of prolactin release by serotonin. |
| Desipramine | Low | |
| Clomipramine | High | |
| Nortriptyline | None | |
| Antidepressants, SSRI | ||
| Citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline | None or low (rare reports) | Same as for cyclic antidepressants. |
| Antidepressants, other | ||
| Bupropion, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, trazodone | None | Not applicable. |
| Antiemetic and gastrointestinal | ||
| Metoclopramide | High | Dopamine D2 receptor blockade. |
| Domperidone (not available in United States) | High | |
| Prochlorperazine | Low | |
| Antihypertensives | ||
| Verapamil | Low | Not well understood. Specific to verapamil. May involve calcium influx inhibition within tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. |
| Methyldopa | Moderate | Decreased conversion of L-dopa to dopamine; suppression of dopamine synthesis. |
| Most other antihypertensives (including other calcium channel blockers) | None | Not applicable. |
| Opioid analgesics | ||
| Methadone, morphine, others | Transient increase for several hours following dose | Potentially an indirect effect of mu opiate receptor activation. |
GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid; SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
* Frequency of increase to abnormal prolactin levels with chronic use: high: >50%; moderate: 25 to 50%; low: <25%; none or low: case reports. Effect may be dose dependent.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
