Causes of acute muscle weakness in children

Anatomic region	Condition
Cerebral cortex	Intracranial hemorrhage (SAH)*
	Head trauma (EDH, SDH)*
	Stroke (thrombotic or embolic)*
	Brain tumor*
	Postictal Todd paralysis
	Hemisyndrome migraine
	Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Spinal cord	Spinal cord trauma (eg, EDH)*
	Spinal cord tumor*
	Discitis (vertebral osteomyelitis)
	Epidural abscess*
	Transverse myelitis
	Vascular abnormality (ie, stroke)
Anterior horn cell	Poliomyelitis, other enteroviruses, acute flaccid myelitis*
Peripheral nerve	Guillain-Barré syndrome*
	Ciguatera poisoning*
	Heavy metal poisoning (eg, arsenic, mercury)*
	Paralytic shellfish poisoning*
	Acute intermittent porphyria*
	Other acquired peripheral neuropathy^¶
Neuromuscular junction	Botulism*
	Myasthenia gravis*
	Organophosphate poisoning*
	Neurotoxic snake envenomation*
	Tick paralysis*
Muscle	Rhabdomyolysis*
	Viral myositis
	Pyomyositis
	Periodic paralysis (may be associated with high, low, or normal potassium)
	Trichinellosis
Other	Electrolyte disturbance (eg, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia)*
	Drug-related^Δ
	Conversion disorder

SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; EDH: epidural hematoma; SDH: subdural hematoma.
* Life-threatening condition.
¶ See UpToDate review: "Overview of acquired peripheral neuropathies in children."
Δ Refer to "Polyneuropathy drugs toxins" table.

Graphic 81649 Version 4.0

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Causes of acute muscle weakness in children