Adult immunization schedule by age - Recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025

• Routine vaccination:
  • Completed primary series and received at least 1 dose Tdap at age 10 years or older: Td or Tdap every 10 years thereafter.
  • Completed primary series and did NOT receive Tdap at age 10 years or older: 1 dose Tdap, then Td or Tdap every 10 years thereafter.
  • Unvaccinated or incomplete primary vaccination series for tetanus, diphtheria, or pertussis: Administer remaining doses (1, 2, or 3 doses) to complete 3-dose primary series. 1 dose Tdap followed by 1 dose Td or Tdap at least 4 weeks later, and a third dose of Td or Tdap 6-12 months later (Tdap is preferred as first dose and can be substituted for any Td dose), then Td or Tdap every 10 years thereafter.
• Special situations:
  • Pregnancy: 1 dose Tdap during each pregnancy, preferably in early part of gestational weeks 27-36.
  • Wound management: Persons with 3 or more doses of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine: For clean and minor wounds, administer Tdap or Td if more than 10 years since last dose of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine; for all other wounds, administer Tdap or Td if more than 5 years since last dose of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine. Tdap is preferred for persons who have not previously received Tdap or whose Tdap history is unknown. If a tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine is indicated for a pregnant person, use Tdap. For detailed information, refer to www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6903a5.htm.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), refer to Tdap Appendix.

§ Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • No evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, or rubella: 1 dose.
    • Evidence of immunity: Born before 1957 (except for health care personnel, refer below), documentation of receipt of MMR vaccine, laboratory evidence of immunity or disease (diagnosis of disease without laboratory confirmation is not evidence of immunity).
• Special situations:
  • Pregnancy with no evidence of immunity to rubella: MMR contraindicated during pregnancy; after pregnancy (before discharge from health care facility), 1 dose.
  • Nonpregnant persons of childbearing age with no evidence of immunity to rubella: 1 dose.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with CD4 percentages ≥15% and CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm³ for at least 6 months and no evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, or rubella: Complete 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart; MMR contraindicated for HIV infection with CD4 percentage <15% or CD4 count <200 cells/mm³.
  • Severe immunocompromising conditions: MMR contraindicated.
  • Students in postsecondary educational institutions, international travelers, and household or close, personal contacts of immunocompromised persons with no evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, or rubella: Complete 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart if previously did not receive any doses of MMR or 1 dose if previously received 1 dose MMR.
  • In mumps outbreak settings, for information about additional doses of MMR (including 3rd dose of MMR), refer to www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6701a7.htm.
  • Health care personnel:
    • Born before 1957 with no evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, or rubella: Consider 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart for protection against measles or mumps or 1 dose for protection against rubella.
    • Born in 1957 or later with no evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, or rubella: Complete 2-dose series at least 4 weeks apart for protection against measles or mumps or at least 1 dose for protection against rubella.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, refer to MMR Appendix.

¥ Varicella vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • No evidence of immunity to varicella: 2-dose series 4-8 weeks apart if previously did not receive varicella-containing vaccine (VAR or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine [MMRV] for children); if previously received 1 dose varicella-containing vaccine, 1 dose at least 4 weeks after first dose.
    • Evidence of immunity: United States-born before 1980 (except for pregnant persons and health care personnel [refer below]), documentation of 2 doses varicella-containing vaccine at least 4 weeks apart, diagnosis or verification of history of varicella or herpes zoster by a health care provider, laboratory evidence of immunity or disease.
• Special situations:
  • Pregnancy with no evidence of immunity to varicella: VAR contraindicated during pregnancy; after pregnancy (before discharge from health care facility), 1 dose if previously received 1 dose varicella-containing vaccine or dose 1 of 2-dose series (dose 2: 4 to 8 weeks later) if previously did not receive any varicella-containing vaccine, regardless of whether United States-born before 1980.
  • Health care personnel with no evidence of immunity to varicella: 1 dose if previously received 1 dose varicella-containing vaccine; 2-dose series 4-8 weeks apart if previously did not receive any varicella-containing vaccine, regardless of whether United States-born before 1980.
  • HIV infection with CD4 percentages ≥15% and CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm³ with no evidence of immunity: Vaccination may be considered (2 doses 3 months apart); VAR contraindicated for HIV infection with CD4 percentage <15% or CD4 count <200 cells/mm³.
  • Severe immunocompromising conditions: VAR contraindicated.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to varicella (VAR) vaccine, refer to VAR Appendix.

‡ Zoster vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • Age 50 years or older (NOTE: Serologic evidence of prior varicella is not necessary for zoster vaccination. However, if serologic evidence of varicella susceptibility becomes available, providers should follow ACIP guidelines for varicella vaccination first. RZV is not indicated for the prevention of varicella, and there are limited data on the use of RZV in persons without a history of varicella or varicella vaccination): 2-dose series recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV; Shingrix) 2-6 months apart (minimum interval: 4 weeks; repeat dose if administered too soon), regardless of previous herpes zoster or history of zoster vaccine live (ZVL; Zostavax) vaccination.
• Special situations:
  • Pregnancy: There is currently no ACIP recommendation for RZV use in pregnancy. Consider delaying RZV until after pregnancy.
  • Immunocompromising conditions (including persons with HIV regardless of CD4 count; NOTE: If there is no documented history of varicella, varicella vaccination, or herpes zoster, providers should refer to the clinical considerations for use of RZV in immunocompromised adults aged ≥19 years and the ACIP varicella vaccine recommendations for further guidance: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7103a2.htm): 2-dose series recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV; Shingrix) 2-6 months apart (minimum interval: 4 weeks; repeat dose if administered too soon). For detailed information, refer to www.cdc.gov/shingles/vaccination/immunocompromised-adults.html.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to zoster recombinant vaccine (RZV), refer to RZV Appendix.

† Human papillomavirus vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • All persons through age 26 years: Complete 2- or 3-dose series depending on age at initial vaccination or condition.
    • Age 9-14 years at initial vaccination and received 1 dose or 2 doses less than 5 months apart: 1 additional dose.
    • Age 9-14 years at initial vaccination and received 2 doses at least 5 months apart: HPV vaccination series complete, no additional dose needed.
    • Age 15 years or older at initial vaccination: 3-dose series at 0, 1-2 months, 6 months (minimum intervals: dose 1 to dose 2: 4 weeks; dose 2 to dose 3: 12 weeks; dose 1 to dose 3: 5 months; repeat dose if administered too soon).
  • No additional dose recommended when any HPV vaccine series of any valency has been completed using the recommended dosing intervals.
• Shared clinical decision-making:
  • Adults age 27-45 years: Based on shared clinical decision-making, complete a 2-dose series (if initiated age 9-14 years) or 3-dose series (if initiated ≥15 years).
  • For additional information on shared clinical decision-making for HPV; refer to www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/admin/downloads/isd-job-aid-scdm-hpv-shared-clinical-decision-making-hpv.pdf.
• Special situations:
  • Age ranges recommended above for routine and catch-up vaccination or shared clinical decision-making also apply in special situations.
    • Immunocompromising conditions, including HIV infection: Complete 3-dose series, even for those who initiate vaccination at age 9 through 14 years.
    • Pregnancy: Pregnancy testing is not needed before vaccination. HPV vaccination is not recommended until after pregnancy. No intervention needed if inadvertently vaccinated while pregnant.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, refer to HPV Appendix.

** Pneumococcal vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • Age 50 years or older who have:
    • Not previously received a dose of PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21 or whose previous vaccination history is unknown: 1 dose PCV15 or 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21.
      • If PCV15 is used, administer 1 dose PPSV23 at least 1 year after the PCV15 dose (may use minimum interval of 8 weeks for adults with an immunocompromising condition [NOTE: Immunocompromising conditions include chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, immunodeficiencies, iatrogenic immunosuppression, generalized malignancy, HIV infection, Hodgkin disease, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, solid organ transplant, congenital or acquired asplenia, or sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies], cochlear implant, or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leak).
    • Previously received only PCV7: Follow the recommendation above.
    • Previously received only PCV13: 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21 at least 1 year after the last PCV13 dose.
    • Previously received only PPSV23: 1 dose PCV15 or 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21 at least 1 year after the last PPSV23 dose.
      • If PCV15 is used, no additional PPSV23 doses are recommended.
    • Previously received both PCV13 and PPSV23 but NO PPSV23 was received at age 65 years or older: 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21 at least 5 years after the last pneumococcal vaccine dose.
    • Previously received both PCV13 and PPSV23, AND PPSV23 was received at age 65 years or older: Based on shared clinical decision-making, 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 at least 5 years after the last pneumococcal vaccine dose.
  • For guidance on determining which pneumococcal vaccines a patient needs and when, please refer to the mobile app which can be downloaded here: www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/app.html.
• Special situations:
  • Age 19-49 years with certain underlying medical conditions or other risk factors who have (NOTE: Underlying medical conditions or other risk factors include alcoholism, chronic heart/liver/lung disease, chronic renal failure, cigarette smoking, cochlear implant, congenital or acquired asplenia, CSF leak, diabetes mellitus, generalized malignancy, HIV infection, Hodgkin disease, immunodeficiencies, iatrogenic immunosuppression, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, nephrotic syndrome, solid organ transplant, or sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies):
    • Not previously received a PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, or PCV21 or whose previous vaccination history is unknown: 1 dose PCV15 or 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21.
      • If PCV15 is used, administer 1 dose PPSV23 at least 1 year after the PCV15 dose (may use minimum interval of 8 weeks for adults with an immunocompromising condition [NOTE: Immunocompromising conditions include chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, immunodeficiencies, iatrogenic immunosuppression, generalized malignancy, HIV infection, Hodgkin disease, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, solid organ transplant, congenital or acquired asplenia, or sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies], cochlear implant, or CSF leak).
    • Previously received only PCV7: Follow the recommendation above.
    • Previously received only PCV13: 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21 at least 1 year after the last PCV13.
    • Previously received only PPSV23: 1 dose PCV15 or 1 dose PCV20 or PCV21, at least 1 year after the last PPSV23 dose.
      • If PCV15 is used, no additional PPSV23 doses are recommended.
    • Previously received PCV13 and 1 dose of PPSV23: 1 dose PCV20 or 1 dose PCV21 at least 5 years after the last pneumococcal vaccine dose.
  • Adults aged 19 years and older who have received PCV20 or PCV21: No additional pneumococcal vaccine dose recommended.
  • Pregnancy: No recommendation for PCV or PPSV23 due to limited data. Summary of existing data on pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy can be found at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/rr/rr7203a1.htm.
  • PPSV23 not available: Adults aged 19 years or older who received PCV15, but have not yet completed PPSV23 series, can complete the series with either 1 dose of PCV20 or 1 dose of PCV21 if they no longer have access to PPSV23.
  • For guidance on determining which pneumococcal vaccines a patient needs and when, please refer to the mobile app which can be downloaded here: www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/app.html.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV15 and PCV20), refer to PCV Appendix; and for Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23), refer to PPSV23 Appendix.

¶¶ Hepatitis A vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • Any person who is not fully vaccinated and requests vaccination (identification of risk factor not required): Complete 2-dose series HepA (Havrix 6-12 months apart or Vaqta 6-18 months apart [minimum interval: 6 months]) or 3-dose series HepA-HepB (Twinrix at 0, 1, 6 months [minimum intervals: dose 1 to dose 2: 4 weeks; dose 2 to dose 3: 5 months]).
• Special situations:
  • Any person who is not fully vaccinated and who is at risk for hepatitis A virus infection or severe disease from hepatitis A virus infection: Complete 2-dose series HepA or 3-dose series HepA-HepB as above. Risk factors include:
    • Chronic liver disease including persons with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level greater than twice the upper limit of normal.
    • HIV infection.
    • Men who have sex with men (MSM).
    • Injection or noninjection drug use.
    • Persons experiencing homelessness.
    • Work with hepatitis A virus in research laboratory or with nonhuman primates with hepatitis A virus infection.
    • Travel in countries with high or intermediate endemic hepatitis A: HepA-HepB (Twinrix) may be administered on an accelerated schedule of 3 doses at 0, 7, and 21-30 days, followed by a booster dose at 12 months.
    • Close, personal contact with international adoptee (eg, household or regular babysitting) in first 60 days after arrival from country with high or intermediate endemic hepatitis A: Dose 1 as soon as adoption is planned; preferably at least 2 weeks before adoptee's arrival.
    • Pregnancy if at risk for infection or severe outcome from infection during pregnancy.
    • Settings for exposure, including health care settings serving persons who use injection or noninjection drugs, or group homes and nonresidential day care facilities for developmentally disabled persons (individual risk factor screening not required).
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination, refer to HepA Appendix.

ΔΔ Hepatitis B vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • Age 19 through 59 years: Complete a 2- or 3- or 4-dose series.
    • 2-dose series only applies when 2 doses of Heplisav-B are used at least 4 weeks apart.
    • 3-dose series Engerix-B, PreHevbrio (NOTE: PreHevbrio is not recommended in pregnancy due to lack of safety data in pregnant persons), or Recombivax HB at 0, 1, 6 months (minimum intervals: dose 1 to dose 2: 4 weeks; dose 2 to dose 3: 8 weeks; dose 1 to dose 3: 16 weeks).
    • 3-dose series HepA-HepB (Twinrix) at 0, 1, 6 months (minimum intervals: dose 1 to dose 2: 4 weeks; dose 2 to dose 3: 5 months).
    • 4-dose series HepA-HepB (Twinrix) accelerated schedule of 3 doses at 0, 7, and 21-30 days, followed by a booster dose at 12 months.
  • Age 60 years or older without known risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection may receive a HepB vaccine series.
  • Age 60 years or older with known risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection should receive a HepB vaccine series.
  • Any adult age 60 years of age or older who requests HepB vaccination should receive a HepB vaccine series.
    • Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection include:
      • Chronic liver disease including persons with hepatitis C, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, ALT or AST level greater than twice the upper limit of normal.
      • HIV infection.
      • Sexual exposure risk (eg, sex partners of hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive persons, sexually active persons not in mutually monogamous relationships, persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection, MSM).
      • Current or recent injection drug use.
      • Percutaneous or mucosal risk for exposure to blood (eg, household contacts of HBsAg-positive persons, residents and staff of facilities for developmentally disabled persons, health care and public safety personnel with reasonably anticipated risk for exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids, persons on maintenance dialysis [including in-center or home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis], persons who are predialysis, and patients with diabetes [NOTE: Age 60 years or older with diabetes: Based on shared clinical decision making, 2-, 3-, or 4-dose series as above]).
      • Incarceration.
      • Travel in countries with high or intermediate endemic hepatitis B.
• Special situations:
  • Patients on dialysis: Complete a 3- or 4-dose series.
    • 3-dose series Recombivax HB at 0, 1, 6 months (NOTE: Use Dialysis Formulation 1 mL = 40 mcg).
    • 4-dose series Engerix-B at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months (NOTE: Use 2 mL dose instead of the normal adult dose of 1 mL).
  • Age 20 years or older with an immunocompromising condition: Complete a 2- or 3- or 4-dose series.
    • 3-dose series Recombivax HB at 0, 1, 6 months (NOTE: Use Dialysis Formulation 1 mL = 40 mcg).
    • 4-dose series Engerix-B at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months (NOTE: Use 2 mL dose instead of the normal adult dose of 1 mL).
    • 2-dose series Heplisav-B at 0, 1 months.
    • 3-dose series PreHevbrio at 0, 1, 6 months (NOTE: PreHevbrio is not recommended in pregnancy due to lack of safety data in pregnant persons).
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination, refer to HepB Appendix.

◊◊ Meningococcal vaccination

• Special situations for MenACWY:
  • Anatomical or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), HIV infection, persistent complement component deficiency, complement inhibitor (eg, eculizumab, ravulizumab) use: 2-dose primary series Menveo or MenQuadfi at least 8 weeks apart; 1 booster dose 5 years after primary series and every 5 years if risk remains.
  • Travel in countries with hyperendemic or epidemic meningococcal disease, or for microbiologists routinely exposed to Neisseria meningitidis: 1 dose Menveo or MenQuadfi; 1 booster dose 5 years after primary series and every 5 years if risk remains.
  • First-year college students who live in residential housing (if not previously vaccinated at age 16 years or older) or military recruits: 1 dose Menveo or MenQuadfi.
  • MenACWY vaccines may be administered simultaneously with MenB vaccines if indicated, but at a different anatomic site, if feasible.
  • For MenACWY recommendations in outbreak setting (eg, in community or organizational settings, or among MSM) and additional meningococcal vaccination information, refer to www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/rr/rr6909a1.htm.
• Shared clinical decision-making for MenB:
  • Adolescents and young adults age 16-23 years (age 16-18 years preferred; NOTE: To optimize rapid protection [eg, for students starting college in less than 6 months], a 3-dose series [0, 1-2, 6 months] may be administered) not at increased risk for meningococcal disease: Based on shared clinical decision-making.
    • Bexsero or Trumenba (use same brand for all doses): 2-dose series at least 6 months apart (if dose 2 is administered earlier than 6 months, administer dose 3 at least 4 months after dose 2)
  • MenB vaccines may be administered simultaneously with MenACWY vaccines if indicated, but at a different anatomic site, if feasible.
• Special situations for MenB:
  • Anatomical or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), persistent complement component deficiency, complement inhibitor (eg, eculizumab, ravulizumab) use, or microbiologists routinely exposed to Neisseria meningitidis.
    • Bexsero or Trumenba (use same brand for all doses including booster doses): 3-dose primary series at 0, 1-2, 6 months (if dose 2 was administered at least 6 months after dose 1, dose 3 not needed; if dose 3 is administered earlier than 4 months after dose 2, a 4th dose should be administered at least 4 months after dose 3).
    • Booster doses: 1 booster dose 1 year after primary series and every 2-3 years if risk remains.
  • Pregnancy: Delay MenB until after pregnancy due to lack of safety data in pregnant persons. May administer if at increased risk and vaccination benefits outweigh potential risks.
  • For MenB recommendations in outbreak setting (eg, in community or organizational settings and among MSM) and additional meningococcal vaccination information refer to www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/rr/rr6909a1.htm.
  • MenB vaccines may be administered simultaneously with MenACWY vaccines if indicated, but at a different anatomic site, if feasible.
  • Adults may receive a single dose of Penbraya (MenACWY-TT/MenB-FHbp) as an alternative to separate administration of MenACWY and MenB when both vaccines would be given on the same clinic day. For adults not at increased risk, if Penbraya is used for dose 1 MenB, then MenB-FHbp (Trumenba) should be administered for dose 2 MenB. For adults at increased risk of meningococcal disease, Penbraya may be used for additional MenACWY and MenB doses (including booster doses) if both would be given on the same clinic day and at least 6 months have elapsed since most recent Penbraya dose.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) [MenACWY-CRM (Menveo); MenACWY-D (Menactra); MenACWY-TT (MenQuadfi)], refer to MenACWY Appendix.
  • For contraindications and precautions to meningococcal B (MenB) [MenB-4C (Bexsero); MenB-FHbp (Trumenba)], refer to MenB Appendix.

§§ Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination

• Special situations:
  • Anatomical or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease): 1 dose if previously did not receive Hib vaccine.
    • Elective splenectomy: 1 dose preferably at least 14 days before splenectomy.
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT): 3-dose series 4 weeks apart starting 6-12 months after successful transplant, regardless of Hib vaccination history.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination, refer to Hib Appendix.

¥¥ Mpox vaccination

• Special situations:
  • Any person at risk for mpox infection: Complete 2-dose series, 28 days apart.
  • Risk factors for mpox infection include:
    • Persons who are gay or bisexual and other MSM, transgender, or nonbinary people who in the past 6 months have had:
      • A new diagnosis of at least 1 sexually transmitted disease.
      • More than 1 sex partner.
      • Sex at a commercial sex venue.
      • Sex in association with a large public event in a geographic area where mpox transmission is occurring.
    • Persons who are sexual partners of the persons described above.
    • Persons who anticipate experiencing any of the situations described above.
  • Pregnancy: There is currently no ACIP recommendation for Jynneos use in pregnancy due to lack of safety data in pregnant persons. Pregnant persons with any risk factor described above may receive Jynneos.
  • Health care personnel: Vaccination to protect against occupational risk in health care settings is not routinely recommended.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to mpox, refer to Mpox Appendix.

‡‡ Poliovirus vaccination

• Routine vaccination:
  • Adults known or suspected to be unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated: Administer remaining doses (1, 2, or 3 inactivated poliovirus [IPV] doses) to complete a 3-dose primary series (NOTE: Complete primary series consists of at least 3 doses of IPV or trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine [tOPV] in any combination). Unless there are specific reasons to believe they were not vaccinated, most adults who were born and raised in the United States can assume they were vaccinated against polio as children.
• Special situations:
  • Adults at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus who completed primary series (NOTE: Complete primary series consists of at least 3 doses of IPV or tOPV in any combination): May administer one lifetime IPV booster.
  • For detailed information, refer to www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/recommendations.html.
• Contraindications and precautions:
  • For contraindications and precautions to Poliovirus vaccine, IPV, refer to Poliovirus Appendix.