Histologic pattern | Specific types of DLD that may display this histologic pattern |
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis |
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Cellular interstitial pneumonitis |
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Chronic pneumonitis of infancy |
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Desquamative interstitial pneumonia |
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Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)/acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) |
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Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), follicular bronchiolitis, and related disorders |
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Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) |
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Organizing pneumonitis (OP) |
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Usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP)Δ |
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AIP: acute interstitial pneumonia; DAD: diffuse alveolar damage; DLD: diffuse lung disease; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LIP: lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia; NSIP: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; OP: organizing pneumonitis; UIP: usual interstitial pneumonitis.
* Rheumatic diseases that can manifest with DLD during childhood include systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), juvenile polymyositis/dermatomyositis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren disease. NSIP is a common pattern for all of these disorders; less common patterns include OP, LIP (in Sjögren disease or systemic lupus erythematosus), DAD (in juvenile polymyositis/dermatomyositis or systemic lupus erythematosus), and PAP (in juvenile idiopathic arthritis).
¶ Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis was previously called bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia.
Δ UIP is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in adults, but idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis does not occur in children. In adults, the UIP pattern may also be seen in individuals with connective tissue disease and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.