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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : -2 مورد

Anatomic features of right and left atrial isomerism

Anatomic features of right and left atrial isomerism
  Right atrial isomerism Left atrial isomerism
Situs
  Bilateral right-sidedness Bilateral left-sidedness
Abdomen
Spleen No spleen (asplenia) More than one spleen (polysplenia)
Liver Symmetrical and horizontal Bilobed, may be symmetrical, but more often to one side
Stomach Near midline (right or left) Usually right-sided
Heart and vessels
Cardiac position Mesocardia common; can be on either side Mesocardia rare; generally on either side
Systemic venous vessels
  • Superior vena cava
Bilateral: One to each atrium May be bilateral: One to each atrium (can be via coronary sinus)
  • Coronary sinus
Absent Generally present
  • Inferior vena cava
Present; can connect to either atria but is always on the same side as DAo Usually interrupted with azygos continuation
Atria
  • General
Bilateral right atria Bilateral left atria
  • Sinoatrial node
Bilateral with one dominant (usually inferior P wave axis) Absent coronary sinus rhythm
  • Septum
Usually large primum and secundum ASD Highly variable, from intact septum to common atrium
  • Atrioventricular valves
Single (AVSD type) or atresia of one Two valves or AVSD type
  • Pulmonary veins
Generally extracardiac TAPVR Directly to atria
Ventricles
  • Position
Inverted D-looping
  • Ventricular septal defect type
Canal type (inlet) Membranous or canal type
Great arteries
  • Position
Malposed (approximately 95%); DORV (approximately 5%) Generally normal, occasional DORV and rare malposition
  • Pulmonary outflow obstruction
Severe pulmonary stenosis or atresia in >90% Pulmonic stenosis is unusual
  • Left-sided obstruction
Rare Common (MS, AS, CoA)
Other thoracic organs
Bronchi Both are eparterial Both are hyparterial
Lungs Bilateral trilobed Bilateral bilobed
AS: aortic stenosis; ASD: atrial septal defect; AVSD: atrioventricular septal defect; CoA: coarctation of the aorta; DAo: descending aorta; DORV: double outlet right ventricle; MS: mitral stenosis; TAPVR: total anomalous pulmonary venous return.
Graphic 91233 Version 7.0