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Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and diphenhydramine: Drug information

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and diphenhydramine: Drug information
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For additional information see "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and diphenhydramine: Patient drug information" and "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and diphenhydramine: Pediatric drug information"

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions show table
Brand Names: US
  • Acetaminophen PM Ex St [OTC] [DSC];
  • Acetaminophen PM [OTC];
  • Excedrin PM [OTC];
  • FT Pain Reliever PM Extra Str [OTC];
  • GoodSense Headache PM [OTC] [DSC];
  • GoodSense Pain Relief PM Ex St [OTC];
  • Healthy Mama eaZZZe the Pain [OTC];
  • Night Time Pain Medicine Ex St [OTC];
  • Non-Aspirin PM Extra Strength [OTC] [DSC];
  • Non-Aspirin PM [OTC];
  • Panadol PM Extra Strength [OTC];
  • Theraflu Severe Cold Nighttime [OTC];
  • Tylenol PM Extra Strength [OTC]
Pharmacologic Category
  • Analgesic, Nonopioid
Dosing: Adult
Insomnia and pain, occasional

Insomnia and pain, occasional:

Note: Routine use is not recommended (Ref). When used, limit long-term use (>4 weeks) to cases for which nonpharmacologic treatments are not available or not effective and benefits are felt to outweigh risks (Ref).

General dosing guidelines; refer also to specific product labeling: Oral: Acetaminophen 500 to 1,000 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 to 50 mg (38 to 76 mg diphenhydramine citrate) at bedtime or as directed by physician; do not exceed recommended dosage.

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Dosing: Liver Impairment: Adult

Use with caution. Limited, low-dose therapy is usually well tolerated in hepatic disease/cirrhosis; however, cases of hepatotoxicity at daily acetaminophen dosages <4 g/day have been reported. Avoid chronic use in hepatic impairment.

Dosing: Older Adult

Avoid use (Ref).

Dosing: Pediatric

(For additional information see "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and diphenhydramine: Pediatric drug information")

Note: All sources of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine (eg, prescription, OTC, combination products) should be considered when evaluating a patient's maximum daily dose. To lower the risk for hepatotoxicity, limit daily dose of acetaminophen to ≤75 mg/kg/day (maximum of 5 daily doses), not to exceed 4,000 mg/day; while recommended doses are generally considered safe, hepatotoxicity has been reported (rarely) even with doses below recommendations (Ref).

Insomnia and pain

Insomnia and pain:

Tablet: Acetaminophen 500 mg/diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg per tablet (eg, Panadol PM, Tylenol PM):

Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: 2 tablets every 24 hours at bedtime as needed. Maximum daily dose: 2 tablets per 24 hours.

Oral solution: Acetaminophen 1,000 mg/diphenhydramine hydrochloride 50 mg per 30 mL (eg, Tylenol PM Extra Strength Liquid):

Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: 30 mL every 24 hours at bedtime as needed. Maximum daily dose: 30 mL per 24 hours.

Oral powder: Acetaminophen 500 mg/diphenhydramine citrate 38 mg per powder packet (eg, Goody's PM):

Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: 2 packets every 24 hours at bedtime as needed. Maximum daily dose: 2 powder packets per 24 hours.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Dosing: Liver Impairment: Pediatric

Use with caution. Limited, low-dose therapy is usually well tolerated in hepatic disease/cirrhosis; however, cases of hepatotoxicity at daily acetaminophen dosages <4 g/day have been reported. Avoid chronic use in hepatic impairment.

Adverse Reactions

See individual agents.

Contraindications

OTC labeling: When used for self-medication, do not use if you have hypersensitivity to acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, or any component of the formulation, concurrently with other products containing acetaminophen or diphenhydramine (including topical), or in children <12 years of age.

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• CNS depression: May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities; patients must be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness (eg, operating machinery, driving).

• Hepatotoxicity: May cause severe hepatic toxicity on acute overdose; in addition, chronic daily dosing in adults has resulted in liver damage in some patients.

• Skin reactions: Rarely, acetaminophen may cause serious and potentially fatal skin reactions such as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Discontinue treatment if severe skin reactions develop.

Disease-related concerns:

• Ethanol use: Use with caution in patients with alcoholic liver disease; consuming ≥3 alcoholic drinks/day may increase the risk of liver damage. Have patients avoid ethanol or limit to <3 drinks/day.

Special populations:

• Pediatric: Do not exceed pediatric dosing recommendations. If no recommendations exist on OTC labeling for patient's age, the product should not be administered without the guidance of a physician.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Dosage limit: Limit acetaminophen dose to <4 g/day (adults) or <2.6 g/day (children <12 years of age).

• Self-medication (OTC use): Prior to self-medication, patients should contact health care provider if they have had liver disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, or are currently taking sedative drugs or alcohol. Consuming ≥3 alcoholic beverages/day or taking longer than recommended may increase the risk of liver damage. Discontinue use and contact health care provider if insomnia lasts >14 days, pain gets worse or lasts >10 days, fever gets worse or lasts >3 days, if redness or swelling occurs, or if any new symptoms occur.

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product

Liquid, Oral:

Tylenol PM Extra Strength: Acetaminophen 1000 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 50 mg per 30 mL (240 mL [DSC]) [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye), polyethylene glycol (macrogol), propylene glycol, sodium benzoate]

Packet, Oral:

Theraflu Severe Cold Nighttime: Acetaminophen 650 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg (6 ea) [contains aspartame, fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye), quinoline yellow (d&c yellow #10), soybean lecithin; honey-lemon flavor]

Tablet, Oral:

Acetaminophen PM: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, quinoline (d&c yellow #10) aluminum lake]

Acetaminophen PM Ex St: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [DSC] [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue)]

Excedrin PM: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine citrate 38 mg [contains benzoic acid, fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue)]

FT Pain Reliever PM Extra Str: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains corn starch, fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake]

GoodSense Headache PM: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [DSC] [aspirin free, gluten free; contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, fd&c blue #2 (indigo carm) aluminum lake]

GoodSense Pain Relief PM Ex St: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue), fd&c blue #2 (indigo carm) aluminum lake, fd&c red #40 (allura red ac dye), fd&c red #40(allura red ac)aluminum lake, fd&c yellow #6(sunset yellow)alumin lake, quinoline yellow (d&c yellow #10)]

GoodSense Pain Relief PM Ex St: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [DSC] [gluten free; contains corn starch, fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake]

GoodSense Pain Relief PM Ex St: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [gluten free; contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, fd&c blue #2 (indigo carm) aluminum lake]

Healthy Mama eaZZZe the Pain: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg

Night Time Pain Medicine Ex St: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, fd&c blue #2 (indigo carm) aluminum lake]

Night Time Pain Medicine Ex St: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue)]

Non-Aspirin PM: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brilliant blue)]

Non-Aspirin PM Extra Strength: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [DSC] [contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake, fd&c blue #2 (indigo carm) aluminum lake]

Panadol PM Extra Strength: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg

Tylenol PM Extra Strength: Acetaminophen 500 mg and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg [contains fd&c blue #1 (brill blue) aluminum lake]

Generic Equivalent Available: US

May be product dependent

Pricing: US

Pack (Theraflu Severe Cold Nighttime Oral)

650-25 mg (per each): $1.87

Tablets (Excedrin PM Oral)

500-38 mg (per each): $0.21

Tablets (Healthy Mama eaZZZe the Pain Oral)

500-25 mg (per each): $0.14

Tablets (Panadol PM Extra Strength Oral)

25-500 mg (per each): $0.25

Tablets (Tylenol PM Extra Strength Oral)

500-25 mg (per each): $0.17

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Administration: Adult

Oral: Administer without regard to food.

Administration: Pediatric

Oral: Administer at bedtime, without regard to food.

Powder packet: Administer full glass of water with each dose; may stir powder into water or other liquid prior to administration.

Use: Labeled Indications

Insomnia and pain, occasional: Temporary relief of occasional headaches and minor aches and pains accompanied by insomnia.

Limitations of use: American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines for the treatment of chronic insomnia suggest diphenhydramine not be used for sleep-onset or sleep-maintenance insomnia in adults due to the absence of evidence for clinically significant improvement (AASM [Sateia 2017]). The US Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense guidelines for the chronic management of insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnea suggest against the use of diphenhydramine for chronic insomnia (VA/DoD 2019).

Medication Safety Issues
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

Excedrin may be confused with Dexedrine

Percogesic may be confused with Percodan

Tylenol may be confused with atenolol, timolol, Tylox

Tylenol PM may be confused with Tylenol

Older Adult: High-Risk Medication:

Beers Criteria: Diphenhydramine (oral), a first-generation antihistamine, is identified in the Beers Criteria as a potentially inappropriate medication to be avoided in patients ≥65 years (independent of diagnosis or condition) due to its potent anticholinergic properties resulting in increased risk of confusion, dry mouth, constipation, and other anticholinergic effects or toxicity; use should also be avoided due to reduced clearance with advanced age and tolerance associated with use as a hypnotic. Exposure to concurrent anticholinergic drugs also increases risk of falls, delirium, and dementia; consider total anticholinergic burden when conducting medication reviews. However, use of diphenhydramine may be appropriate in certain situations such as acute treatment of severe allergic reaction (Beers Criteria [AGS 2023]).

Other safety concerns:

Duplicate therapy issues: This product contains acetaminophen, which may be a component of other combination products. Do not exceed the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen.

International issues:

Benadryl brand name for acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, and phenylephrine [US], but also the brand name for cetirizine [Great Britain, Phillipines] and acrivastine and pseudoephedrine [Great Britain]

Metabolism/Transport Effects

Refer to individual components.

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: May decrease therapeutic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor

Aclidinium: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk X: Avoid

Acrivastine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Acrivastine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Alcohol (Ethyl): May increase hepatotoxic effects of Acetaminophen. Risk C: Monitor

Alizapride: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Amantadine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Amezinium: Antihistamines may increase stimulatory effects of Amezinium. Risk C: Monitor

Amisulpride (Oral): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Articaine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider reducing the dose of articaine if possible when used in patients who are also receiving CNS depressants. Monitor for excessive CNS depressant effects with any combined use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Atazanavir: May increase serum concentration of UGT1A1 Substrates. Management: Do not use UGT1A1 substrates for which small increases in exposure can cause serious adverse effects together with atazanavir, and use caution with any UGT1A1 substrate, even when small changes in exposure are less likely to cause serious adverse effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Azelastine (Nasal): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid

Belumosudil: May increase serum concentration of UGT1A1 Substrates. Management: Avoid coadministration of belumosudil with substrates of UGT1A1 for which minimal concentration increases can cause serious adverse effects. If coadministration is required, dose reductions of the UGT1A1 substrate may be required. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Benperidol: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Benperidol. Risk C: Monitor

Benperidol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Benztropine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Benztropine. Risk C: Monitor

Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine: Coadministration of Antihistamines and Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine may alter diagnostic results. Management: Suspend systemic H1 antagonists for benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine skin testing and delay testing until systemic antihistaminic effects have dissipated. A histamine skin test may be used to assess persistent antihistaminic effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Betahistine: Antihistamines may decrease therapeutic effects of Betahistine. Betahistine may decrease therapeutic effects of Antihistamines. Risk C: Monitor

Biperiden: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Biperiden. Risk C: Monitor

Blonanserin: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Blonanserin. Management: Use caution if coadministering blonanserin and CNS depressants; dose reduction of the other CNS depressant may be required. Strong CNS depressants should not be coadministered with blonanserin. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Bornaprine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Bornaprine. Risk C: Monitor

Botulinum Toxin-Containing Products: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Brexanolone: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Brexanolone. Risk C: Monitor

Brimonidine (Topical): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Bromopride: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Bromperidol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid

Buclizine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Buclizine. Risk C: Monitor

Buclizine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Buprenorphine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Buprenorphine. Management: Consider reduced doses of other CNS depressants, and avoiding such drugs in patients at high risk of buprenorphine overuse/self-injection. Initiate buprenorphine at lower doses in patients already receiving CNS depressants. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

BusPIRone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Busulfan: Acetaminophen may increase serum concentration of Busulfan. Risk C: Monitor

Cannabinoid-Containing Products: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase tachycardic effects of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor

Cannabinoid-Containing Products: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor

CarBAMazepine: May increase metabolism of Acetaminophen. This may 1) diminish the effect of acetaminophen; and 2) increase the risk of liver damage. Risk C: Monitor

Certoparin: Antihistamines may increase therapeutic effects of Certoparin. Risk C: Monitor

Cetirizine (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider avoiding this combination if possible. If required, monitor for excessive sedation or CNS depression, limit the dose and duration of combination therapy, and consider CNS depressant dose reductions. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Chloral Hydrate/Chloral Betaine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Chloral Hydrate/Chloral Betaine. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of chloral hydrate or chloral betaine and additional CNS depressants. If combined, consider a dose reduction of either agent and monitor closely for enhanced CNS depressive effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Chlormethiazole: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Monitor closely for evidence of excessive CNS depression. The chlormethiazole labeling states that an appropriately reduced dose should be used if such a combination must be used. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Chlorphenesin Carbamate: May increase adverse/toxic effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Chlorprothixene: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Chlorprothixene. Risk C: Monitor

Cimetropium: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Cimetropium. Risk X: Avoid

CloZAPine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase constipating effects of CloZAPine. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination whenever possible. If combined, monitor closely for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal hypomotility and consider prophylactic laxative treatment. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

CNS Depressants: May increase adverse/toxic effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Cyclizine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Dantrolene: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Dapsone (Topical): May increase adverse/toxic effects of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Daridorexant: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Dose reduction of daridorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of daridorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of daridorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Darifenacin: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Darifenacin. Risk C: Monitor

Dasatinib: Acetaminophen may increase hepatotoxic effects of Dasatinib. Dasatinib may increase serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Management: Avoid coadministration of acetaminophen and dasatinib if possible. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor for signs/symptoms of hepatotoxicity, particularly in patients with greater acetaminophen exposure. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

DexmedeTOMIDine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of DexmedeTOMIDine. Management: Monitor for increased CNS depression during coadministration of dexmedetomidine and CNS depressants, and consider dose reductions of either agent to avoid excessive CNS depression. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Dicyclomine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Dicyclomine. Risk C: Monitor

Difelikefalin: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Difenoxin: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Dihydralazine: CNS Depressants may increase hypotensive effects of Dihydralazine. Risk C: Monitor

Dimethindene (Systemic): Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Dimethindene (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Dimethindene (Topical): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Disulfiram: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Products Containing Ethanol. Management: Do not use disulfiram with dosage forms that contain ethanol. Risk X: Avoid

Dothiepin: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Doxylamine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Doxylamine. Risk C: Monitor

DroNABinol: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase tachycardic effects of DroNABinol. Risk X: Avoid

DroPERidol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider dose reductions of droperidol or of other CNS agents (eg, opioids, barbiturates) with concomitant use. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Eluxadoline: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase constipating effects of Eluxadoline. Risk X: Avoid

Emedastine (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider avoiding this combination if possible. If required, monitor for excessive sedation or CNS depression, limit the dose and duration of combination therapy, and consider CNS depressant dose reductions. Risk C: Monitor

Entacapone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Esketamine (Nasal): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Fesoterodine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Fesoterodine. Risk C: Monitor

Flucloxacillin: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Acetaminophen. Specifically, the risk for high anion gap metabolic acidosis may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Flunarizine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Flunarizine. Risk X: Avoid

Flunitrazepam: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Flunitrazepam. Management: Reduce the dose of CNS depressants when combined with flunitrazepam and monitor patients for evidence of CNS depression (eg, sedation, respiratory depression). Use non-CNS depressant alternatives when available. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

FluPHENAZine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin: May decrease serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Specifically, serum concentrations of acetaminophen may be decreased (leading to decreased efficacy), but the formation of the toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) metabolite may be increased (leading to increased hepatotoxicity). Risk C: Monitor

Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic): Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic). Risk C: Monitor

Gepotidacin: May decrease anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Glucagon: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase adverse/toxic effects of Glucagon. Specifically, the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation): Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation). Risk X: Avoid

Glycopyrrolate (Systemic): Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Glycopyrrolate (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Glycopyrronium (Topical): May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk X: Avoid

Haloperidol: QT-prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk - Caution) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Haloperidol. Risk C: Monitor

Hyaluronidase: Antihistamines may decrease therapeutic effects of Hyaluronidase. Risk C: Monitor

HydrOXYzine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider a decrease in the CNS depressant dose, as appropriate, when used together with hydroxyzine. Increase monitoring of signs/symptoms of CNS depression in any patient receiving hydroxyzine together with another CNS depressant. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Imatinib: Acetaminophen may increase hepatotoxic effects of Imatinib. Risk C: Monitor

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1, -PD-L1, and -CTLA4 Therapies): Acetaminophen may decrease therapeutic effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1, -PD-L1, and -CTLA4 Therapies). Risk C: Monitor

Ipratropium (Nasal): May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Ipratropium (Oral Inhalation): May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk X: Avoid

Isoniazid: May increase hepatotoxic effects of Acetaminophen. Isoniazid may increase metabolism of Acetaminophen. Specifically, formation of the hepatotoxic NAPQI metabolite may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Isoproterenol: DiphenhydrAMINE (Systemic) may increase therapeutic effects of Isoproterenol. Risk C: Monitor

Itopride: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Itopride. Risk C: Monitor

Ixabepilone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Kava Kava: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Ketotifen (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Kratom: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid

LamoTRIgine: Acetaminophen may decrease serum concentration of LamoTRIgine. Risk C: Monitor

Lemborexant: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Dosage adjustments of lemborexant and of concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary when administered together because of potentially additive CNS depressant effects. Close monitoring for CNS depressant effects is necessary. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Levocetirizine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Levosulpiride: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Levosulpiride. Risk X: Avoid

Lisuride: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Local Anesthetics: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may increase adverse/toxic effects of Local Anesthetics. Specifically, the risk for methemoglobinemia may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Lofepramine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Lofexidine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Lorlatinib: May decrease serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Risk C: Monitor

Loxapine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Loxapine. Management: Consider reducing the dose of CNS depressants administered concomitantly with loxapine due to an increased risk of respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension, and syncope. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Magnesium Sulfate: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Maprotiline: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Maprotiline. Risk C: Monitor

Melitracen [INT]: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Melperone: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Mequitazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Metergoline: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Methotrimeprazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of Products Containing Ethanol. Management: Avoid products containing alcohol in patients treated with methotrimeprazine. Risk X: Avoid

Methoxyflurane: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Methscopolamine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Methscopolamine. Risk C: Monitor

Metoclopramide: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

MetroNIDAZOLE (Systemic): May increase adverse/toxic effects of Products Containing Ethanol. A disulfiram-like reaction may occur. Risk X: Avoid

MetroNIDAZOLE (Topical): May increase adverse/toxic effects of Products Containing Ethanol. A disulfiram-like reaction may occur. Risk C: Monitor

MetyraPONE: May increase serum concentration of Acetaminophen. More importantly, by inhibiting the conjugative metabolism of acetaminophen, metyrapone may shift the metabolism towards the oxidative route that produces a hepatotoxic metabolite. Risk X: Avoid

MetyroSINE: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of MetyroSINE. Risk C: Monitor

Minocycline (Systemic): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Mirabegron: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase adverse/toxic effects of Mirabegron. Risk C: Monitor

Mitapivat: May decrease serum concentration of UGT1A1 Substrates. Risk C: Monitor

Moxonidine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Nabilone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid

Nalfurafine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Nitric Oxide: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Risk C: Monitor

Nitroglycerin: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease absorption of Nitroglycerin. Specifically, anticholinergic agents may decrease the dissolution of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets, possibly impairing or slowing nitroglycerin absorption. Risk C: Monitor

Noscapine: CNS Depressants may increase adverse/toxic effects of Noscapine. Risk X: Avoid

OLANZapine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of OLANZapine. Risk C: Monitor

Olopatadine (Nasal): May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid

Opicapone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Opioid Agonists: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Opioid Agonists. Management: Avoid concomitant use of opioid agonists and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants when possible. These agents should only be combined if alternative treatment options are inadequate. If combined, limit the dosages and duration of each drug. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Opipramol: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Opipramol: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Orphenadrine: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Orphenadrine. Risk X: Avoid

Oxatomide: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk X: Avoid

Oxomemazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid

Oxybate Salt Products: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Oxybate Salt Products. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. If combined, dose reduction or discontinuation of one or more CNS depressants (including the oxybate salt product) should be considered. Interrupt oxybate salt treatment during short-term opioid use Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

OxyBUTYnin: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of OxyBUTYnin. Risk C: Monitor

OxyCODONE: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of OxyCODONE. Management: Avoid concomitant use of oxycodone and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants when possible. These agents should only be combined if alternative treatment options are inadequate. If combined, limit the dosages and duration of each drug. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Paliperidone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Paraldehyde: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Paraldehyde. Risk X: Avoid

Perampanel: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Perazine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Periciazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Perphenazine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Perphenazine. Risk C: Monitor

PHENobarbital: May increase metabolism of Acetaminophen. Specifically, formation of the hepatotoxic NAPQI metabolite may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Phenylephrine (Systemic): Acetaminophen may increase serum concentration of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor

Pipamperone: May increase adverse/toxic effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Piribedil: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Piribedil. Risk C: Monitor

Pitolisant: Antihistamines may decrease therapeutic effects of Pitolisant. Risk X: Avoid

Pizotifen: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Potassium Chloride: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase ulcerogenic effects of Potassium Chloride. Management: Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium chloride. Risk X: Avoid

Potassium Citrate: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase ulcerogenic effects of Potassium Citrate. Management: Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium citrate. Risk X: Avoid

Pramipexole: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of Pramipexole. Risk C: Monitor

Pramlintide: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. These effects are specific to the GI tract. Risk X: Avoid

Prilocaine: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may increase adverse/toxic effects of Prilocaine. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Management: Monitor for signs of methemoglobinemia when prilocaine is used in combination with other agents associated with development of methemoglobinemia. Avoid use of these agents with prilocaine/lidocaine cream in infants less than 12 months of age. Risk C: Monitor

Primaquine: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may increase adverse/toxic effects of Primaquine. Specifically, the risk for methemoglobinemia may be increased. Management: Avoid concomitant use of primaquine and other drugs that are associated with methemoglobinemia when possible. If combined, monitor methemoglobin levels closely. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Primidone: May increase metabolism of Acetaminophen. Specifically, formation of the hepatotoxic NAPQI metabolite may be increased. Risk C: Monitor

Probenecid: May increase serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Probenecid may also limit the formation of at least one major non-toxic metabolite, possibly increasing the potential for formation of the toxic NAPQI metabolite. Management: Consider limiting acetaminophen use in combination with probenecid. Probenecid may reduce clearance of acetaminophen to one of its non-toxic metabolities, increasing the risk for acetaminophen toxicity, even a lower doses. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Procarbazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Promethazine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Promethazine. Risk C: Monitor

Propantheline: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Propantheline. Risk C: Monitor

Propiverine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Agents (Highest Risk): QT-prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk - Caution) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Agents (Highest Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QuiNIDine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk C: Monitor

Ramosetron: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase constipating effects of Ramosetron. Risk C: Monitor

Revefenacin: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Revefenacin. Risk X: Avoid

RifAMPin: May increase hepatotoxic effects of Acetaminophen. RifAMPin may decrease serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Risk C: Monitor

Rilmenidine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Rivastigmine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Rivastigmine. Rivastigmine may decrease therapeutic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Management: Use of rivastigmine with an anticholinergic agent is not recommended unless clinically necessary. If the combination is necessary, monitor for reduced anticholinergic effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: CNS Depressants may increase adverse/toxic effects of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b. Specifically, the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects may be increased. Management: Avoid coadministration of ropeginterferon alfa-2b and other CNS depressants. If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor patients for neuropsychiatric adverse effects (eg, depression, suicidal ideation, aggression, mania). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

ROPINIRole: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of ROPINIRole. Risk C: Monitor

Rotigotine: CNS Depressants may increase sedative effects of Rotigotine. Risk C: Monitor

Scopolamine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Scopolamine. Risk C: Monitor

Secnidazole: Products Containing Ethanol may increase adverse/toxic effects of Secnidazole. Risk X: Avoid

Secretin: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Secretin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of anticholinergic agents and secretin. Discontinue anticholinergic agents at least 5 half-lives prior to administration of secretin. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Sodium Nitrite: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may increase adverse/toxic effects of Sodium Nitrite. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Risk C: Monitor

Sofpironium: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Sofpironium. Risk X: Avoid

SORAfenib: Acetaminophen may increase hepatotoxic effects of SORAfenib. SORAfenib may increase serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Management: Avoid coadministration of acetaminophen and sorafenib if possible. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor for signs/symptoms of hepatotoxicity, particularly in patients with greater acetaminophen exposure. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Suvorexant: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Suvorexant. Management: Dose reduction of suvorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of suvorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of suvorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Thalidomide: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Thalidomide. Risk X: Avoid

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase serum concentration of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor

Thioridazine: CYP2D6 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase serum concentration of Thioridazine. Management: Consider avoiding concomitant use of thioridazine and weak CYP2D6 inhibitors. If combined, monitor closely for QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmias. Some weak CYP2D6 inhibitors list use with thioridazine as a contraindication. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Thiothixene: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Thiothixene. Risk C: Monitor

Tiapride: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may decrease therapeutic effects of Tiapride. Risk C: Monitor

Tiotropium: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Tiotropium. Risk X: Avoid

Tolterodine: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Tolterodine. Risk C: Monitor

Topiramate: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase adverse/toxic effects of Topiramate. Risk C: Monitor

Tranylcypromine: May increase anticholinergic effects of Antihistamines, First Generation. Risk X: Avoid

Tricyclic Antidepressants: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants. Risk C: Monitor

Trimeprazine: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Trimethobenzamide: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Trimethobenzamide. Risk C: Monitor

Trospium: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Trospium. Risk C: Monitor

Umeclidinium: May increase anticholinergic effects of Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects. Risk X: Avoid

Vaccines: Acetaminophen may decrease therapeutic effects of Vaccines. Management: Consider avoiding routine prophylactic use of acetaminophen before or during vaccine administration when possible. Acetaminophen is still recommended to treat fevers and/or pain that occurs after vaccination. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Valerian: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor

Vitamin K Antagonists: Acetaminophen may increase anticoagulant effects of Vitamin K Antagonists. This appears most likely with daily acetaminophen doses exceeding 1.3 or 2 g/day for multiple consecutive days. Risk C: Monitor

Zolpidem: CNS Depressants may increase CNS depressant effects of Zolpidem. Management: Reduce the Intermezzo brand sublingual zolpidem adult dose to 1.75 mg for men who are also receiving other CNS depressants. No such dose change is recommended for women. Avoid use with other CNS depressants at bedtime; avoid use with alcohol. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Zuclopenthixol: Agents with Clinically Relevant Anticholinergic Effects may increase anticholinergic effects of Zuclopenthixol. Risk C: Monitor

Zuranolone: May increase CNS depressant effects of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of zuranolone with other CNS depressants or alcohol. If combined, consider a zuranolone dose reduction and monitor patients closely for increased CNS depressant effects. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Pregnancy Considerations

Refer to individual monographs.

Breastfeeding Considerations

Refer to individual monographs.

Dietary Considerations

Some products may contain potassium and/or sodium.

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

See individual agents.

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (AE) United Arab Emirates: Panadol night;
  • (AU) Australia: Amcal paracetamol plus diphenhydramine | Apohealth night pain relief | Blooms the chemist night pain relief | Chemists own paracetamol plus diphenhydramine | Chemists' own night pain relief | Combolieve day & night pain relief | Combolieve night pain relief | Mersynonight | Panadol night | Paracetamol/diphenhydramine nhpl | Pharmacy choice night pain relief | Vidalife night pain;
  • (BG) Bulgaria: Apap night;
  • (CN) China: An fen la ming | Tai nuo an;
  • (CO) Colombia: Dolofen | Dolofen sleep;
  • (DO) Dominican Republic: Tylenol pm;
  • (EE) Estonia: Tylenol extra s. p | Tylenol pm;
  • (EG) Egypt: Awadist plus | Cold Control | Excedrin pm;
  • (ES) Spain: Antidolnait | Dolomidina;
  • (GB) United Kingdom: Calcold Six Plus | Dozol | Panadol night | Tixylix plus | Tixyplus;
  • (ID) Indonesia: Tadur;
  • (IE) Ireland: Dozol | Dozol fortified | Panadol night | Paralief night | Teedex;
  • (IQ) Iraq: Piodol night | Samadol night;
  • (JO) Jordan: Pamol night | Panadol night | Panda h | Panda night;
  • (JP) Japan: Kids bufferin syrup s;
  • (KE) Kenya: Tylenol pm;
  • (KR) Korea, Republic of: Nopaincool | Notongphen cool | Penzal night | Phenclean night | Tylenol p.m. | Zaropen | Zolimin;
  • (KW) Kuwait: Adol pm | Panadol night;
  • (LB) Lebanon: Panadol night;
  • (LT) Lithuania: Tylenol pm;
  • (LV) Latvia: Tailenol pm | Tylenol pm;
  • (MX) Mexico: Bio dual | Bio electro noche | Nocsin pm | Syncol nocturno;
  • (NG) Nigeria: Bioramol night | Cenpain | Fimin | Kosi syrup | My baby teething | Panda night | Rotanight plus | Silapen night;
  • (PH) Philippines: Insomed;
  • (PL) Poland: Apap noc | Paracetamol + difenhydramina hasco noc;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Acetaminophen pm | Legatrin pm | Night time pain | Pain Relief PM;
  • (PT) Portugal: Chrobion;
  • (PY) Paraguay: Gripidol;
  • (QA) Qatar: Adol PM | Panadol Night;
  • (RU) Russian Federation: Migrenol pm;
  • (SA) Saudi Arabia: Adol pm | Panadol night;
  • (UA) Ukraine: Dolaren night pain;
  • (VN) Viet Nam: Tydol pm;
  • (ZA) South Africa: Mypaid night pain | Tylenol nighttime | Tylenol pm
  1. 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71(7):2052-2081. doi:10.1111/jgs.18372 [PubMed 37139824]
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  7. Hayward KL, Powell EE, Irvine KM, Martin JH. Can paracetamol (acetaminophen) be administered to patients with liver impairment? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(2):210-222. doi:10.1111/bcp.12802 [PubMed 26460177]
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  12. Panadol PM (acetaminophen, diphenhydramine) [prescribing information]. Warren, NJ: GSK Consumer Healthcare; received 2022.
  13. Panadol Extra Strength PM (acetaminophen, diphenhydramine) [prescribing information]. Warren, NJ: GSK Consumer Healthcare; received April 2020.
  14. Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(2):125-133. doi:10.7326/M15-2175 [PubMed 27136449]
  15. Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, Neubauer DN, Heald JL. Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(2):307-349. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6470 [PubMed 27998379]
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  17. Tylenol PM Extra Strength (acetaminophen, diphenhydramine) [prescribing information]. Fort Washington, PA: Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc; 2018.
  18. US Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense (VA/DoD). VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnea. https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/CD/insomnia/VADoDSleepCPGFinal508.pdf. Published October 2019. Accessed April 16, 2020.
Topic 9165 Version 442.0