Gastrointestinal losses |
Diarrhea, malabsorption and steatorrhea, and small bowel bypass surgery |
Acute pancreatitis |
Medications |
Genetic disorders - Intestinal hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
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Urinary losses |
Medications - Diuretics (loop and thiazide)
- Antibiotics (aminoglycoside, amphotericin, pentamidine)
- Calcineurin inhibitors
- Platinum agents (most commonly with cisplatin, less commonly with carboplatin and oxaliplatin)
- Antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (cetuximab, panitumumab)
- Digoxin
|
Volume expansion |
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
Alcohol use disorder |
Hypercalcemia |
Acquired tubular dysfunction - Recovery from acute tubular necrosis
- Postobstructive diuresis
- Post-kidney transplantation
|
Genetic disorders - Bartter/Gitelman syndrome
- Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis
- Isolated dominant hypomagnesemia (Na-K-ATPase gamma subunit, Kv1.1 and cyclin M2 mutations)
- Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia (EGF mutation)
- Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease-HNF1B (HNF1-beta mutation)
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